社会经济差距 – The Living Wage -财务代写 – paper代写

The Living Wage

活工资

社会经济差距 The living wage is the income needed by the ordinary citizen to afford a decent life in a specified area. The living wage..

The Living Wage 社会经济差距

The living wage is the income needed by the ordinary citizen to afford a decent life in a specified area. The living wage ordinance state that all employees should not be living poor, therefore, the wages paid per hour . To even the least paid employees, working full time, should lift them out of poverty (Lammam, 2014).

The primary objective of the living wage is to ensure all full-time workers live above the federal poverty level. The living wage only provides for basic needs like shelter, clothing,  And food thus ensure all the employed people afford them. The living wage is calculated and vary with the family size.

Both the living wage and minimum wage are usually confused and sometimes used interchangeably. However, the minimum wage is the remuneration level dictated by federal law, while the living wage is the.  Wage as dictated by the economic circumstances prevailing in a specific area or period. That is, a living wage is determined by the costs dictated by the prevailing economic conditions.

译文：活工资

生活工资是普通公民在指定地区提供体面生活所需的收入。 《生活工资条例》规定，所有雇员均不应生活贫困，因此，应按小时支付工资。对于全职工作的最低薪员工，也应使他们摆脱贫困（Lammam，2014年）。

生活工资的主要目标是确保所有全职工人的生活水平超过联邦贫困线。生活工资仅提供住房，衣服和食物等基本需求，从而确保所有就业人员都能负担得起。生活工资是根据家庭人数计算得出的。

生活工资和最低工资通常会混淆，有时可以互换使用。但是，最低工资是联邦法律规定的薪酬水平，而生活工资是最低工资。工资由特定地区或特定时期的经济状况决定。即，生活工资由当时的经济状况所决定的成本决定。

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The question is who is hurt and who is helped by the living wage ordinance?  社会经济差距

According to Chapman and Thompson (2007), in some degree, companies, workers, and consumers are hurt by the living wage. In this regard, companies are forced to pay more than the demand and supply dictates thus, the living wage will increase the rate of unemployment as companies try to downsize to work with few employees.

The consumers will be hurt because additional costs to the companies will be passed on to them in the form of higher prices. Further, the living wage will also lead to an increase in tax burden to the citizens to pay for additional wage bill.

On the other hand, Chapman and Thompson further explain how the living wage is helpful to the people as well as companies to some extent. The lowest paid employees can afford a better and decent life relative to the family size and the current economic status. The living wage elevates employees whose minimum wage was not able to cater for all their basic needs.

译文：问题是谁受生活工资条例的伤害，谁受到帮助？

根据查普曼和汤普森（Chapman and Thompson，2007）的观点，公司，工人和消费者在一定程度上受到生活工资的伤害。在这方面，公司被迫支付超出需求和供应指示的价格，因此，由于公司试图缩减规模以减少员工人数，因此生活工资将增加失业率。

消费者将受到伤害，因为公司的额外成本将以更高的价格形式转嫁给他们。此外，生活工资还将导致增加公民的税收负担，以支付额外的工资账单。

另一方面，查普曼（Chapman）和汤普森（Thompson）进一步解释了生活工资如何在一定程度上对人民和公司有所帮助。相对于家庭人数和当前的经济状况，收入最低的员工可以过上更好和体面的生活。生活工资提高了最低工资不能满足其所有基本需求的雇员。

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A company that pays a living wage can participate in interstate commerce

and its employees are more satisfied thus performing better at work.The federal government used data for the family’s reasonable minimum necessary expenses including childcare, shelter, clothing and other basic needs to arrive at the calculation of the living wage. The data is also collected from various geographical areas at different times to inform the living wage ordinance.

It was found that the minimum wage though aimed at solving the poverty level of the lowest paid workers, it failed to solve the problem of economic changes and cost over time and location. Other information used is the family size where the number of children and the working spouse is used as the determinant of the living wage.

Therefore, the federal government proposed a living wage to cap the gap in a bid to end the poverty of the full-time workers.In the long-run there are like no significant effects of the living wage ordinance as much would have adjusted in the short-run (Sorkin, 2015). According to Sorkin, there is no much impact on employment level in the long-run as there is in the short-run at ceteris paribus. However,

in long-run, the living wage will likely cause the class conflict between the employed high waged and the unemployed. The looming risk of class conflict might undermine the objective of the living wage. To sum up, the living wage ordinance was necessitated by the increased level of poverty of the employed regardless of the minimum wage which failed to adjust to the economic as well as social changes.

译文：支付生活工资的公司可以参加州际贸易  社会经济差距

联邦政府使用了该家庭合理的最低必需支出（包括托儿，住房，衣服和其他基本需求）的数据来计算生活工资。还在不同时间从各个地理区域收集数据，以告知生活工资条例。

人们发现，最低工资虽然旨在解决最低薪工人的贫困水平，但却无法解决随着时间和地点的变化而产生的经济变化和成本问题。使用的其他信息是家庭人数，其中子女的数量和工作配偶被用作生活工资的决定因素。

因此，联邦政府提出了生活工资来弥补这一差距，以消除全职工人的贫困。短期（Sorkin，2015）。索尔金认为，从长期来看，对就业水平的影响不大，而在短距离竞争方面，对就业水平的影响不大。然而，

从长远来看，生活工资很可能会导致就业高薪者与失业者之间的阶级冲突。迫在眉睫的阶级冲突风险可能会破坏生活工资的目标。综上所述，由于最低工资水平未能适应经济和社会变化，因此，受雇者的贫困程度不断提高，因此必须制定生活工资法令。

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The ordinance is good and will further reduce the existing social-economic gap in America.

However, there are those against the minimum wage

译文：该法令是好的，将进一步缩小美国现有的社会经济差距。

但是，有些人违反最低工资标准

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References

Chapman, J., & Thompson, J. (2006). The economic impact of local living wages. Retrieved from https://www.epi.org/publication/bp170/

Lammam, C. (2014). Economic Effects of Living Wage Laws. Retrieved from https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/economic-effects-of-living-wage-laws

Sorkin, I. (2015). Are There long-run effects of the minimum wage?. Review of economic dynamics, 18(2), 306-333.