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专家教授专家学者们一般 会标准创作规范,制订怎样编写硕博士论文与学术研究文章内容及其文件格式规定。学界所鉴定的规范植根据以哪种编写方法会被认同,哪种编写方法则会被拒绝。
The community of scholars has rules that govern how dissertations, theses and other academic papers are composed and formatted. Academic convention has established what is acceptable and what is not.
The ideal voice for a paper: third-person and active 毕业论文的理想化语调:「第三人称」与「积极」
Having resolved to write purposefully and to employ a writing style that emphasizes clear and vital language, the author of an academic paper next must address the mechanics of the language. One of these issues is choosing the appropriate “voice” to communicate the substance of the paper. This is essential. Finding its “voice” is central to a paper's function and effectiveness.
下了信心要写成目标明确、有关键、有魅力的文章内容后,作为毕业论文创作者下一步要应对的便是,語言的解决方法,其一便是,务必用适度「语调」传递文章。这一标准非常关键,可否应用适度的语调,关联到文章内容的功效与表述的实际效果。
A letter to a friend is written in casual language, while a scholarship application is formal and respectful. But an academic paper is authoritative. A paper advances an original or unusual idea in a one-on-one forum; advancement depends largely upon the perceived authority of the person voicing the idea. If the written voice resonates with convincing force, it can prevail.
写給盆友的信笺,遣词可比较随便;学业奖学金申请报告,则需宣布且毕恭毕敬。提到期刊论文,则语调务必够权威性。毕业论文是在一对一的版块上传递原創或与众不同的念头,其成果在于创作者的阐述语调是不是具公信力。假如创作的文本填满感染力,內容当然会被接纳。
The best way to convey clout is to write the paper from a third-person point of view. This means a writer should not use “I” or “you” or “we” sentence structures, which are perfect for ordinary conversation and quite imperfect for scholarly presentation. Employing the less intimate third-person objective voice lets the collected persuasive material speak for itself.
要让文句切合关键点,最好是的方式便是用第三人称创作。也就是说,不必选用“I”、 “you” 、 “we”开始的语句。这种语句用在一般会话中似无不当之处,但用在学术研究表述则看起来有畏稳妥。第三人称语句读起來少了亲密接触、也较客观性,更能显出文章内容的总体阐述。
The third-person perspective also conveys authority because it increases the “distance” between an author and the subject of a paper. The writer disappears when “I” is dropped from the text. Similarly, the reader is not dragged into it when “you ” is absent. The resulting vacuum is filled by the influential “voices” of footnoted experts, laboratory data, and recorded experience.
第三人称语气也较具权威性,由于创作者与主题风格间的间距,在第三人称下能看起来更远。少了主关键词“I”以后,创作者会从文章内容中消退;一样地,没了“you”,阅读者也不会被拖入文本里。填补空白的将是更具有感染力的「响声」,好像刻苦钻研考究的权威专家、试验数据信息、工作经验纪录等。
The other voice rule in writing a paper is to use active language—though not always. Passive sentence construction does maintain desired “distance.” (Example: “The test was repeated four times,” rather than “I repeated the test four times. ”) However, an active voice propels a paper. (“Four tests produced identical results.”) Don't be lulled and dulled by “distance” considerations.
毕业论文语调的另一个标准,便是应用积极句—但是并不是必定。被动句确实能够造就出理想化的间距(如「试验反复了四次」就比「我做了四次试验」来的好);但积极语调能够促进文章内容的波动与节奏感(如「四次试验的結果同样」)。因此,不必为了更好地造就间距,让文章内容越来越拖拉滞销品。
After the writer of an academic paper has exhaustively searched sources and validated a thesis, presenting it in a chatty, overly personal and unprofessional voice is such a wasted opportunity. The mechanics of effective presentation are not difficult to employ. Keep objective distance between writer and subject. Let the facts speak for themselves. Actively make the case.
早已尽己所能寻找参考文献,耗尽精力证实自身的论点论据,倘若以闲话家常的心态与不技术专业的语调来展现著作,确实消耗了此前投入的众多勤奋。要想合理地表述念头实际上不会太难,要是把握下列关键:维持创作者与阅读者间的客观性间距,让客观事实不言自明,用积极句坚定不移观点。
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