毕业论文参考文献如何引用？-Essay代写教你3种方法

            在引入一篇文章时，除开标出题型以外还必须标出文章内容所属的刊物或书本。下面里将详细介绍几类不一样的引入规范：APA（英国心理状态研究会）规范，MLA（英国当代語言研究会）规范和纽约规范。

APA（英国心理状态研究会）规范

引入作者姓名时依照先姓后名的次序，好几个创作者姓名中间用分号分隔，最终2个名字中间沒有分号，用＆标记联接。

• Doe, J.

• Doe, J. & Johnson, S. Q.

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q.

标明出版发行日期。假如只有查看到期刊论文发表的年代，标上年代就可以，假如能查看到实际的出版发行日期，就依照年，月，日的文件格式开展引入，以句点完毕。

• Doe, J. (2001).

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15).

标明被引入文章内容的题目。不必应用斜体字、下横线或是冒号。题目的首字母大写，如果有小标题得话，则灶具后的第一个英文字母也英文大写，最终以句点完毕。

• Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness.

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror.

标明你引入的文章内容所属刊物的编写名字。编写名字和刊物名字以“In”为作为前缀，依照先名后姓的文件格式开展引入。假如编写名字有两个，用＆标记开展联接；三个之上的姓名则用分号联接。假如杂志期刊的编写仅有一名，在姓名后的括弧里再加上ED.简称。好几个编写则选用EDs.简称。

• Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.),

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.),

标明刊物名字。首字母大写，题目再加上冒号。

• Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages

得出页数范畴。插进文章内容所属的页数范畴，以pp做为作为前缀，作为前缀以后有一个句点。

• Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38).

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118).

标明出版公司的名字和所在城市。列举图书出版社的所在城市和公司名字，正中间用灶具分隔，以句点做为完毕。

• Doe, J. (2001).Recent breakthroughs in diagnosing mental illness. In J. Rowell (Ed.), Essays on psychology (pp. 24-38). New York: Big Time Publisher.

• Smith, R., Orion, D. & Johnson, S. Q. (2011, July 15). Bone-Chilling: A history of literary horror. In A. Hoffman & C. G. Brooke (Eds.), Genre literature through the ages (pp. 102-118). New York: Big Time Publisher.

MLA（英国当代語言研究会）规范

引入作者姓名时选用包含姓、名、中间名以内的全称。第一作者选用先姓后名的文件格式，其他创作者选用先名后姓的文件格式。三个及之上的名字用分号开展联接，最终两个名字间用“and”联接，以句点完毕：

• Doe, John.

• Doe, John and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

引入新闻标题。全部的关键语汇都选用首字母大写，题目以句点完毕，给题目再加上冒号：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."

标明文章内容所属的刊物名。给刊物名再加上冒号，每一个关键语汇均首字母大写，以句点完毕：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.

标明刊物的编写名字。选用先名后姓的全称，在名字以前再加上Ed.简称，如果有不仅一位编写名则再加上EDS.简称，以句点完毕：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke.

标明出版公司信息内容。列举出版公司所属的大城市、出版公司名字及其出版发行年代。这儿只必须引入年代就可以，不用实际到日期。在城市名和出版公司名字中间用灶具相接，与年代用分号相接，最终以句点末尾：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.

标明被引入文章内容所属的页数。标明文章内容所属的第一页和最后一页的页数。用连字号相接并以句点末尾：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118.

标明出版发行方法。如果是以书本方式出版发行，则标上“Print”。以电子书籍形式出版发行则标上“Electronic”。假如电子书籍是以网址方式发布的则标上“Web”。最终以句点末尾：

• Doe, John."Recent Breakthroughs in Diagnosing Mental Illness."Essays on Psychology.Ed. Josh Rowell. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2001. 24-38. Print.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." Genre Literature through the Ages.Eds. Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011. 102-118. Electronic.

纽约规范

引入文章内容的创作者名。如果是在论文脚注或尾注中引入创作者名，则选用先名后姓的文件格式。如果是在论文参考文献目录中开展引入，则对第一作者选用先姓后名的文件格式，其他创作者应用先名后姓的文件格式。论文脚注后以分号末尾，论文参考文献目录中以句点末尾：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson,

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson.

标明引入文章内容的题目。给引入新闻标题再加上冒号，关键语汇均首字母大写，脚注和尾注中以分号末尾，论文参考文献目录中以句点末尾：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror,"

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror."

注上被引入文章内容所属刊物的名字。在小说名字前再加上“in”。用冒号引入小说名字，关键语汇均首字母大写，论文脚注和论文参考文献目录中都以分号末尾：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages,

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages,

引入编写名字。论文脚注中在编写名中再加上简称“ed.”，论文参考文献目录中在编写名中再加上语句“edited by”。在论文脚注中只列举第一编写的名字，假如不仅一位编写得话，就在后边用简称“et al”替代。论文参考文献目录中必须列举全部编写的名字：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke,

标明文章内容所属的页数范畴。只在论文参考文献目录中标明，范畴包含文章内容所属的所有页数：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118.

注上出版公司的信息内容。包含出版公司所属的大城市和出版公司名字，在其中用灶具分隔，在出版公司信息内容后再加上灶具，再再加上出版发行年代。当这种标明內容以论文脚注方式出現时必须再加上括弧做为插进內容，论文参考文献目录中则无须，以句点完毕就可以：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011),

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.

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标明被引入一部分所属的页数。这只出現在论文脚注中。标明你所引入的內容所属的那一页，以句点完毕：

• Robert Smith, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson, "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror," in Genre Literature through the Ages, ed. Alexandra Hoffman, et al. (New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011), 111.

• Smith, Robert, Danielle Orion, and Samuel Quentin Johnson. "Bone-Chilling: A History of Literary Horror." In Genre Literature through the Ages, edited by Alexandra Hoffman and Charles Gilbert Brooke, 102-118. New York: Big Time Publisher, 2011.

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