英语summary范文赏析:Summary是什么?Summary怎么写?

Summary一般而言只简述一篇文章或参考文献,它也是一种单独布局的工作方式。留学人员通常会熬着好多个整夜把全部全文按每一个关键点改变,因此得到分低。为何?由于她们不太掌握summary文件格式及其summary要怎么写。致诚我下边给学生们解释一下summary创作发展战略并且出示summary范例为大家的参照。

Summary是什么?

Summary是啥?

Summary汉语译为小结或引言。Summary包括文章内容或参考文献关键见解并抛下全文所叙述的情况关键点和直接证据。一般来说,summary与全文对比更加短,其长短按要求而不一样:从两文章段落至多张页。假如教师布局summary创作每日任务得话, 他最很有可能要强调其长短的规定。

为了更好地写一篇summary,学生们事前尽量要细心地阅读,在这里另外注意着每一个文章段落的关键。把文字的关键见解放到文章段落始句是英文写作之中一般 的作法,这类坐落于段首的语句称为主题风格句 (topic sentences)。因为诸位创作者的写作风格会如同天差地别,主题风格句会向文章段落中间或文章段落尾句挪动,甚至是彻底不见了。在这里状况下,一来二去你所必须的关键点都展现在你双眼前,为此创作者让你自身决策本文章段落关键见解的机遇。如果学生们早已掌握好怎样在文章正文之中精确地找到主题风格句,提议先粗读一整片了解其疏忽,随后以防跳开一切关键物品再细细地阅读文章。

在阅读文章文字的情况下,学生们必须靠自己的判断力来把握创作者想传递的见解。Summary便是大家以简约方法应用自身的语句对全文关键见解的简述,而不是大家对刚访问文章内容表明的评价。值得一提,summary的中性化语气是学生们创作全过程之中的拦路虎,插进自身对全文的本人心态可能是留学人员写小结的情况下最易犯的不正确。

Summary创作文件格式与构造架构


  1. 一篇优良的summary就是指全文的客观性简述,并回应全文的基础难题,如"谁?何时?在哪里?干了哪些?" 或 " 这一文字的关键观念是啥?", "关键支点是啥?", "关键事实论据有什么?" 。


  2. 小结与改述中间的差别取决于其形象性,写summary并不代表着把所有全文改变,学生们只必须发掘且归纳全文的关键点。改述则让大家保存全文的阐述构造而果断更换词句来对全文开展复述。


  3. 防止得出对全文的提议和评价


  4. Summary沒有必需具备结果,但假如全文以向阅读者的喻意而完毕,学生们肯定不可以落掉这一点。


  5. 一篇优良的summary能够应用全文的关键字,但不可以含有全文的全部语句或语句。在全文提到的叫法尽量要传送的状况下(创作者语汇挑选关键或表达形式很好)能够获取全文的全部语句并将其括在冒号中。


出色SUMMARY要怎么写:合理的写作方法


  1. 在阅读的另外,划到你所遇到的关键环节和关键事实论据。例如,先能够找到每一个文章段落的主题风格句,如果在一个文章段落里面几个反复的英语单词,最很有可能他们与行为主体有关系。记牢5W H的标准:

• What?

• Which?

• Who?

• Where?

• When?

• Why?

• How?

你的summary尽量要对这种难题出示回答。


  1. 将全部划到的关键环节用自身的语句写下来。我们在提示大伙儿,为了更好地写成一篇优良的summary,学生们尽量要防止改变或果断拷贝全文而应当用自身的语句而言。应用关键字仍然是容许的:假如全文主题风格是digital technology,插进"digital technology", "binary digit" 或 "analog"叫法是能够的,但注意防止太多关键点。


  2. 在有要求得话,能够把全文关键环节次序重新考虑。例如,有时文章内容的主题思想在结果才进行,在这里状况下你能从尾逐渐,即把全文主题思想放到summary的开始,随后慢慢开展支撑点事实论据的阐述。


  3. 把全文的 «I»必须更换为其创作者的名字、"the writer/author" 或 "she/he"。 在碰到创作者对阅读者立即叫法 «you»能够应用 «people» or «reader»。


  4. 每章summary应当从创作者及其文章内容的提及逐渐,即作者姓名、他写了哪些、在哪样期刊论文发表了文中。Summary段首也常常强调全文的主题思想。为了更好地保证阐述的衔接性必须留意的关联词,下边的信息内容便是给大伙儿出示在连贯性技巧的具体指导。


在SUMMARY创作中常常应用的叫法和关联词

学生们从上文早已了解summary该从批注和全文主题风格下手。给大家好多个规范叫法挑选:

In "Cats Don't Dance," John Wood explains ...

John Wood, in "Cats Don't Dance," explains ...

According to John Wood in "Cats Don't Dance" ...

As John Wood vividly illustrates in his ironic story "Cats Don't Dance" ...

John Wood claims in his ironic story "Cats Don't Dance" that ...

将全文关键见解及其作者姓名和新闻标题融合于summary第一句。参照一下下边的事例:

According to John Wood in "Cats Don't Dance" ,regardless the fact that cats are popular pets who seem to like people, felines are not really good at any activities that require cooperation with others, whether that is dancing or sharing.

Summary剩余一部分只需归纳全文填补信息内容,就是以简约方式论述支撑点第一句的事实论据和论述。

在第一次提及全文创作者的情况下,学生们一直务必用名字提他。在下文又说到创作者得话,必须用其姓式,如:

Johnson comments ...

According to Wood's perspective ...

As Jones implies in the story about ...

Toller criticizes...

In conclusion, Kessler elaborates about ...

无需强调别人的头衔,即Dr., Professor, or Mr. and Mrs.,但在一些状况下说明创作者的工作经历并不不必要,为此大家能注重创作者在某行业具备权威性:

In "Global Warming isn't Real," Steven Collins, a professor at the University of Michigan, claims that ...

New York Times critic Johann Bachman argues in "Global Warming is the Next Best Thing for the Earth" that ...

还记得应用author tags/创作者标识(reporting verbs/汇报形容词)便是引出来间接引语的形容词,尽量减少形容词的反复。学生们能够参照一下下边的形容词。报表中被选的author tag可以制订你所写summary的语气,因而请注意每一个形容词的内涵:

优秀SUMMARY范文以及标准SUMMARY格式

出色SUMMARY范例及其规范SUMMARY文件格式

为了更好地对上文开展某类小结,下边大家对一篇短summary范例开展剖析。

In "School is Bad for Children" (The Saturday Evening Post, 8.02.69), John Holt argues that traditional education systems ruin children's emotional and intellectual development, and suggests various improvements. He points out that pre-school children are already skilled learners, are highly motivated and not afraid of getting things wrong. However, instead of building on these strengths schools adopt strict rules and isolate education from the real world. Children become passive and lose confidence. Holt thinks that the situation could be improved by introducing more freedom and flexibility. Attendance would be voluntary, learning would take place outside the classroom and within, and non-teachers would share their experiences of life with children. In addition, he advocates interactive group learning and an end to the fixed core curriculum.

最先,把文章段落分成三个关键一部分:

• 详细介绍句;

• 支撑点事实论据;

• 结果句。

Summary范例中的详细介绍句便是文章段落的第一句话。

In "School is Bad for Children" (The Saturday Evening Post, 8.02.69), John Holt argues that traditional education systems ruin children's emotional and intellectual development, and suggests various improvements.

此后我们知道:

• 全文题目是"School is Bad for Children";

• 发布于The Saturday Evening Post;

• 发布日期8.02.69;

• 其创作者叫John Holt.

全文中心思想是traditional education systems ruin children's emotional and intellectual development,而且创作者也出示改进文化教育情况的建议。

一定要注意,在第一句话创作者姓名是第一次而提及的,因而务必应用创作者的全称来详细介绍他。

第一句话里面还可以查到author tags/创作者标识,即argues和suggests。

下面这篇summary范例出示全文中心思想的支撑点事实论据,传统教育行政机关怎样会阻拦小孩的发展趋势:

He points out that pre-school children are already skilled learners, are highly motivated and not afraid of getting things wrong. However, instead of building on these strengths schools adopt strict rules and isolate education from the real world. Children become passive and lose confidence.

看一下是不是有大家本人心态的曝露?这summary的阐述设计风格没有贬褒,沒有一点情感颜色。唯一的author tag所属:points out

结果一部分在本summary范例最终的三句:

Holt thinks that the situation could be improved by introducing more freedom and flexibility. Attendance would be voluntary, learning would take place outside the classroom and within, and non-teachers would share their experiences of life with children. In addition, he advocates interactive group learning and an end to the fixed core curriculum.

学生们请注意:尽管大家在这儿开展对创作者论述的简述,省去了多余的关键点并简约地把全文关键整理出来。它是第二次大家提及创作者的姓名,因而不用提他的全称。该一部分第一句和第三句有着author tags,即thinks及其advocates。

Summary写作中最常犯的错误

Summary创作中最易犯的不正确

在学习过程之中做错事是难以避免的,因此 在写summary的情况下一不小心语句太长了或创作者姓名跳开了也是普遍的。下边大家了解一下留学人员写summary中最烦难的难题:

彻底照搬全文

你是否还记得我提议大伙儿在阅读的时记录下来每一个文章段落中的主题风格句吗?那麼,许多学生们写成主题风格句以后一点解决也没有,果断把summary制成被照搬主题风格句的明细。读原文记笔记以后用自身的語言开展简述是重要的!大伙儿假如简易地剽窃全文,教师毫无疑问会给大家分低。

有的莘莘学子们太厉害了:把全文论述句都抄了很显著,但她们采用了author tags 和间接引语,认为教师不容易发觉,例如:

全文:I really think that the situation can be improved by introducing more freedom and flexibility to the studying process. In my opinion, attendance at schools should be voluntary and learning should take place outside the classroom and within.

同学们改变:Holt thinks that the situation can be improved by introducing more freedom and flexibility to the studying process. In his opinion, attendance at schools should be voluntary and learning should take place outside the classroom and within.

之上同学们把尊称换为第三人称而已,而对整文没什么解决。这类summary毫无疑问要不成功。

表明自身的本人心态

学生们了解童谣 “The Itsy Bitsy Spider”吗?如果我们用它写summary,它的模样应该是这般:

A spider lived in a waterspout. When it rained, the spider left. When the sun came up, the spider went back inside the spout.

但有些人会怕搜索引擎蜘蛛,有的会感觉很厌烦,因此 很有可能会提到那样:

A gross spider lived in the gutter. When it rained, it was washed into the grass. Even though it should have stayed there, when the sun came out, the disgusting spider went back into the spout!

第二段对搜索引擎蜘蛛得出消沉的心态,而事实上全文是给小孩子唱的音乐并彻底欠缺对搜索引擎蜘蛛的抵触。这样一来,第二段summary扭曲原先优秀作文的内涵。

跳开标点

由于summary是一种简述,大家常常必须把单独子句在一条语句相互连接。在这里,学生们通常会忘记置放解决的标点或连词,造成连写句的出現或让阅读者觉得疑惑不解。

Let’s eat grandma!

它是典型的英文连写句。一个分号可以彻底更改词句的含意:

Let’s eat, grandma!

早已不害怕姥姥会出事了吧!

为了更好地防止标点的不正确,备考一下comma splicing, introductory phrase,coordinating conjunction英语的语法点。

之上便是paperdaixie.com我为大伙儿小结的有关summary要怎么写的內容,期待对大伙儿有一定的协助。下边是一些以前大家公布的有关summary的文章内容,有兴趣爱好的学生们能够回望一下:

Summary与Abstract差别分析

英语Summary怎么写?五分钟拿下!

英语Summary怎么写-Summary范例共享

summary范例及常见句式归纳

英语Summary创作的重要性

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