论文标准格式是什么？如何分类资料并勾勒论文大纲？

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专家教授专家学者们一般 会标准创作规范，制订怎样编写硕博士论文与学术研究文章内容及其文件格式规定。学界所鉴定的规范植根据以哪种编写方法会被认同，哪种编写方法则会被拒绝。

The community of scholars has rules that govern how dissertations, theses and other academic papers are composed and formatted. Academic convention has established what is acceptable and what is not.

Organize and group the material and outline the paper 归类材料并刻画论文大纲

At this point, the author of an academic paper should have chosen a subject and thesis and thoroughly researched it. The author also should have determined what format is required for the paper by the assigning professor, and made certain that enough information has been gathered to satisfy citation requirements. Now it is time to create the structure of the paper. 

在这个提前准备环节，创作者应已选中科学研究主题风格，依据科学研究论点论据收集很多相关资料，而且创作者也应已明确指导教授规定的论文的格式，妥当提前准备证实与直接证据。一切就绪后，如今就要大家进到毕业论文的构架。

An academic paper is built around the thesis. Every point made in the paper should support the argument voiced in the thesis. Every statement should be a brick in the argument's foundation. Every assertion should, directly or indirectly, lead the reader to the conclusion summarized in the thesis. (Conversely, if a point has the potential to lead a reader astray, it should be discarded.) 

毕业论文是依据论点论据来构架內容，每一个论点论据身后皆必须有适用基础理论的直接证据，换句话说，每一个引据、每一个证实，就好像砖头需一层层堆积起來，才可以牢固论点论据存有的基本。每一项科学研究认为都应当以立即或间接性的方法，逐渐、清晰的正确引导阅读者进到论文结论(反过来的，若是论点论据的发展趋势将很有可能欺诈阅读者、迷途毕业论文关键，创作者就应临危不惧，放弃这一方位)。

The collected material should be organized, a process that probably began during the collection stage. The material should be arranged by function—for example, introductory material near the top of the list. It also should be grouped according to sub-topic or supporting evidence . This grouping process will reveal any areas of argumentation that are weak and need more research. 

全部搜集的材料都需要进到梳理全过程。材料依据不一样作用开展归类。比如，详细介绍、描述层面的材料，就应置放于信息库的最前边。从而，创作者能够次主题风格或不一样的适用论述开展第二层归类。那样分群归类的全过程，将有利于操控目前新闻资讯，是不是这些论述欠缺，或是这些层面必须添加大量新闻资讯。

Next comes the outlining of the paper. While the grouped material might suggest an outline, a set of facts can be employed in more than one way. A paper on Copernicus, for example, might chronologically relate his solar system studies, or it might juxtapose his various discoveries with the misconceptions of his peers. Facts are not malleable, but they are moveable. 

下面进到刻画毕业论文规划纲要。从归类的资讯所正确引导出去的多元性看来，也许已表露出考试大纲的轮廊。殊不知，一样的事实论据却可运用于不一样的要求与情景。举例来说，一样是以哥白尼的科学研究为主题风格，有些人会以先后顺序与他的太阳光运作理论为研究内容；有些人也很有可能以有别于哪个时期的见解与视角进入科学研究。因此，客观事实虽然没法更改，它却可在你的毕业论文中随要求调节适合的部位。

A professor may suggest a structure for a paper, but usually only in general terms. The content of the paper, as a result of research, ultimately decides the most effective structure. This might be a narrative approach. Or it could be a side- by-side comparison, or a sequential presentation of evidence. In every case, the goal is to assemble the facts into a convincing final argument. 

指导教授也许会规定毕业论文的构架，但一般 指的是方向的论文框架。实际上，毕业论文內容将因研究内容的不一样，而造成与众不同的构架组成。无论是以描述的技巧主要表现，或者结合全部论点论据开展较为，或者一系列事实论据的展现这些，在每一件毕业论文著作中，快递首重目地取决于合理融合事实论据并明确提出站得住脚的论点论据。

Before writing begins, purposefully evaluate the chosen outline. Ask questions. Does it function convincingly? Does it stay on course in support of the thesis? Is it logical and comprehendible? Does it sail from introduction to conclusion without running aground somewhere? Can it be strengthened by alteration, or addition? Be sure. The outline becomes the blueprint for the paper. 

在论文写作以前，细心检查明确好的规划纲要，好好地回应下述的难题：那样的內容铺叙具备感染力吗?这种事实论据有取得成功的证明论点论据吗?內容合乎逻辑性且非常容易掌握吗?从详细介绍到结果的阅读文章全过程中，有正确对待阅读者、不使阅读者迷途疑惑吗?毕业论文是不是也有再提升或再改动的室内空间与必需?一定要的确检查上列难题。别忘记，规划纲要是论文撰写取得成功的关键宏伟蓝图。

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