Individual Assignment
个人作业 冠状病毒的影响代写
冠状病毒的影响代写 The main symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, fever. The pandemic has resulted in over 346,000 deaths across all the
The coronavirus pandemic began in Wuhan China in December 2019 and was declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization.
The main symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, fever. The pandemic has resulted in over 346,000 deaths across all the continents. Notably, there are 82,967 cases and 4,634 deaths in China (WorldOmeter, 2020). The infections are through water droplets from the respiratory organs of an infected person. The preventative measures make emphasis on personal hygiene, including washing hands using running water, use of alcohol-based sanitizers, and social distancing.
The measures to prevent the spread of infection are placed by the government and include maintaining the social distance, wearing masks, banning social gatherings, among others. The coronavirus has led to a reduction in the economic output of the countries globally, disruption in the supply chain, furlough, panic buying, closure of schools and learning institutions, closure of business, among other adverse effects.
译文：
冠状病毒大流行于 2019 年 12 月在中国武汉开始，并被世界卫生组织宣布为突发公共卫生事件。 冠状病毒的影响代写
主要症状是乏力、气短、发烧。大流行已导致各大洲超过 346,000 人死亡。值得注意的是，中国有 82,967 例病例和 4,634 例死亡（WorldOmeter，2020）。感染是通过感染者呼吸器官的水滴传播的。预防措施强调个人卫生，包括使用流水洗手、使用含酒精的消毒剂和保持社交距离。
防止感染传播的措施由政府制定，包括保持社交距离、戴口罩、禁止社交聚会等。冠状病毒导致全球各国经济产出减少、供应链中断、休假、恐慌性购买、学校和学习机构关闭、企业关闭等不利影响。
Coronavirus led to the Chinese government putting up several measures in the bid to control the spread of the disease.
The government began by locking down the Wuhan city, which was the epicenter of the disease (Kupferschmidt & Cohen, 2020). It resulted in the closure of schools, transport bans, and workplace shutdown.
Other measures include short-term measures such as restriction of public gathering, closure of social places such as hotels and restaurants. The government also instituted both local and international travel bans with most highways and airlines closing to limit movement of people in and out of major cities and countries. The government also installed monetary and fiscal policies, including tax and rent reductions, deferred payments of social securities, and target funding. These mitigative measures have economic implications both in the short-term and long-term and affect individuals, families, and the country at large.
译文：
冠状病毒导致中国政府采取了多项措施来控制疾病的传播。 冠状病毒的影响代写
政府首先封锁了该疾病的中心武汉市（Kupferschmidt & Cohen，2020 年）。 这导致学校关闭、交通禁令和工作场所关闭。
其他措施包括短期措施，如限制公众聚集、关闭酒店和餐馆等社交场所。 政府还制定了本地和国际旅行禁令，大多数高速公路和航空公司关闭，以限制人们进出主要城市和国家的活动。 政府还制定了货币和财政政策，包括减税和减租、延期支付社会保障和目标资金。 这些缓解措施在短期和长期都会产生经济影响，并影响个人、家庭和整个国家。
The new disease and mitigative government policies are shocks to the market equilibrium.
The overall production and consumption were reduced as companies close, and people retrenched. The demand for goods and services decreased due to travel and gathering restrictions and the need for social distancing (figure 1). For instance, the travel ban reduced the number of tourists in China and demand for some products and services such as beaches, beer, theatres, restaurants, among others.
The decline in supply, on the other hand, was caused by the closure of institutions and companies as most produce below capacity (figure 1). Service sectors are mainly affected because it requires close contact. As a result of the drop on demand and supply, low tax collection and increase in government expenditure, the annual GDP growth is expected to slow down by more than 5 percent in 2020 (Ning et al., 2020). These adverse effects have both short-term and long-term impacts on China's economy.
译文：
新的疾病和缓解政府政策对市场均衡构成冲击。
随着公司关门和裁员，整体生产和消费减少。 由于旅行和聚会限制以及社交距离的需要，对商品和服务的需求下降（图 1）。 例如，旅行禁令减少了中国的游客数量以及对海滩、啤酒、剧院、餐厅等一些产品和服务的需求。
另一方面，供应下降是由机构和公司关闭造成的，因为大多数生产低于产能（图 1）。 服务部门主要受到影响，因为它需要密切接触。 由于供需下降、税收低迷和政府支出增加，预计2020年全年GDP增速将放缓5%以上（Ning等，2020）。 这些不利影响对中国经济既有短期影响，也有长期影响。
Additionally, coronavirus has economically affected individuals and families.
The pandemic has claimed lives and livelihoods as health systems buckle, school closes, and families struggle to stay afloat (Unicef, 2020). As more people lack income due to lockdown and restricted movements, more children become malnourished, lack sanitization, and good hygiene, among other essential services. Students and children are not going to schools due to the interruption by nationwide closure of schools.
Also, the disease has affected families through financial hardships. Families are living in tension in parenting relationships, anxiety in raising children, and general fear of the pandemic. Notably, families face financial difficulties as parents lose jobs and businesses are underperforming. The family and individual hardships have resulted in government actions such as economic stimulus and reliefs.
Therefore, coronavirus has resulted in the market falls in tourism, manufacturing, and travel (Inman, 2020). Globally, countries are instituting travel bans. The Chinese tourism industry has a significant contribution to the economy. Travel bans mean few tourists in the country. Similarly, as movements are restricted, as well as supply and demand decreases, so do the manufacturing and travel. Production is critical in the country and has been dwindling since the eruption of the disease.
译文：
此外，冠状病毒在经济上影响了个人和家庭。 冠状病毒的影响代写
随着卫生系统崩溃、学校关闭以及家庭难以维持生计，大流行已经夺去了生命和生计（联合国儿童基金会，2020 年）。随着越来越多的人因封锁和行动受限而缺乏收入，越来越多的儿童营养不良、缺乏卫生设施和良好的卫生习惯以及其他基本服务。由于全国范围内学校停课，学生和儿童无法上学。
此外，这种疾病通过经济困难影响了家庭。家庭生活在养育关系的紧张、抚养孩子的焦虑以及对流行病的普遍恐惧中。值得注意的是，由于父母失业和企业表现不佳，家庭面临经济困难。家庭和个人的困难导致政府采取经济刺激和救济等行动。
因此，冠状病毒导致旅游业、制造业和旅游市场下跌（Inman，2020）。在全球范围内，各国都在制定旅行禁令。中国旅游业对经济的贡献很大。旅行禁令意味着该国游客很少。同样，随着流动受到限制，供需减少，制造业和旅游也受到限制。产量在该国至关重要，自疾病爆发以来一直在减少。
Figure 1: Decrease in demand due to coronavirus
Source: Gopinath (2020)
Five sector economy
图 1：冠状病毒导致需求减少
资料来源：Gopinath (2020)
五部门经济
Figure 2: Circular flow of income model
Source: Boulding (n.d)
图 2：收入模型的循环流动
资料来源：博尔丁（未注明日期）
Coronavirus has disrupted the circular flow income by reducing injections and increasing withdrawals.
According to Xiao (1996, 61-70) country's growth and development majorly depend on the injection and leakages of money in the economy. The injection includes all the operations resulting in a generation of revenue into the economy, for example, government spending, export, and investment. Leakages are the operations leading to the reduction of money in circulation of the economy, including taxes, saving, and import. When the total value of the injections is lower than leakages, economic growth, and development declines.
Therefore, there are few injections as firms are unable to optimize due to low demand. The low demand is attributed to low income as many workers are laid off. When households are financially handicapped, they tend to reduce savings, payment of taxes, and taxes. As a result, the government is not able to offer essential services and investments that spur economic growth. Overall, since coronavirus has negatively affected firms that households depend on, the injections into the economy are reduced, and hence the economic growth decline.
Generally, coronavirus has caused global economic disruptions. Families and individuals are profoundly affected as firms close or reduce their capacity due to low demand. The impact of the disease is mainly felt through government intervention policies such as cessations of movement, lockdowns, and quarantine of individuals and families. The effect is predicted to have long term effects if the pandemic persists.
译文：
冠状病毒通过减少注入和增加提款扰乱了循环流动收入。 冠状病毒的影响代写
肖（1996，61-70）认为，国家的增长和发展主要取决于经济中货币的注入和流失。注入包括为经济带来收入的所有业务，例如政府支出、出口和投资。泄漏是导致经济流通中货币减少的操作，包括税收、储蓄和进口。当注入的总价值低于泄漏时，经济增长和发展就会下降。
因此，由于需求低，公司无法优化，因此注入很少。低需求归因于低收入，因为许多工人被解雇。当家庭经济困难时，他们往往会减少储蓄、缴纳税款和税收。因此，政府无法提供刺激经济增长的基本服务和投资。总体而言，由于冠状病毒对家庭所依赖的企业产生了负面影响，因此对经济的注入减少了，从而导致经济增长下降。
一般而言，冠状病毒已导致全球经济中断。由于需求低，公司关闭或减少产能，家庭和个人受到严重影响。这种疾病的影响主要是通过政府的干预政策感受到的，例如停止行动、封锁和隔离个人和家庭。如果大流行持续下去，预计这种影响将产生长期影响。
References 冠状病毒的影响代写
Boulding, K. n.d. The Five Sector Circular Flow Model of an Economy. Available from https://innovationmemes.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-five-sector-circular-flow-model-of.html
Gopinath, G., 2020. Limiting the Economic Fallout of the Coronavirus with Large Targeted Policies. Available from https://blogs.imf.org/2020/03/09/limiting-the-economic-fallout-of-the-coronavirus-with-large-targeted-policies/
Inman, P., 2020. Markets expected to fall further as coronavirus hits China's economy. Available from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/29/markets-fall-coronavirus-china-economy
Kupferschmidt, K. & Cohen, J., 2020. China's aggressive measures have slowed the coronavirus. They may not work in other countries. AAAS. Available from https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/china-s-aggressive-measures-have-slowed-coronavirus-they-may-not-work-other-countries
Ning, S., Tse, E., Ning, T., Tian, W., Li, X. and Qian, D. 2020. Coronavirus in China – insights on the impacts and opportunities for change. World Economic Forum. Available from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-china-opportunities-change/
Unicef. 2020. Protecting the most vulnerable children from the impact of coronavirus: An agenda for action. Available from https://www.unicef.org/coronavirus/agenda-for-action
WorldOMeter. 2020. Coronavirus cases. Available from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus//country/china/
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