同汉语创作一样，英语Essay创作也注重布局谋篇，非这般不可以传意。那麼Essay怎样写成布局谋篇呢？灵活运用一些用于布局谋篇的词句，融合前后文应用，語言才会出现更为实际意义。下面paperdaixie.com我就为大伙儿共享五种完成Essay创作布局谋篇的方式。
Essay创作中优良的布局谋篇是根据下列五种关键方式完成的，分别是：
1.反复的句子/念头（repeated words/ideas）
2.参照词（reference words）
3.衔接数据信号（transition signals）
4.取代词（substitution）
5.省去词（ellipsis）
下边大家各自看来这五种布局谋篇的方式：
第一种：反复的句子/念头（repeated words/ideas）
完成对接的第一种方式是反复你要想说的主题风格，或是应用不一样的英语单词（近义词）反复文章内容的关键观念。
Example：
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
在本例中，对接（Cohesion）这个词被数次应用，包含作为形容词（Coheres）。在学术研究创作中，学生们应当尽量减少太多的反复，因而更应当应用不一样的词形或近义词。创作（Writing）这个词也被数次应用，包含短文或汇报（Essay or Report），这全是创作的近义词。关键特点（Important features）这个词也被反复，事例中应用了近义词：重要特点，关键层面（Key feature, Important aspect）。
第二种：参照词(reference words)
参照词就是指文字中别的地区提及的物品的词，一般 在前面的语句中。最普遍的种类是代词，如“it”、“this”或“these”。再科学研究一下前边的事例。
Example：
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
在上面的事例中，英语单词it，which和这种全是参照词。前2个词，it和which，都指前一句中应用的“对接” （Cohesion）。最终一个these，这种，指的是“关键特点”，一样在它前边的语句中应用。
第三种：衔接数据信号(transition signals)
衔接数据信号，又被称为对接方式或连词，是表明观念中间关联的词或语句。衔接数据信号有很多不一样的种类，在其中最普遍的种类实例以下：
for example - used to give examples
用以举例说明
in contrast - used to show a contrasting or opposite idea
用于表明比照或反过来的念头
first - used to show the first item in a list
用以表明目录中的第一项
as a result - used to show a result or effect
用以表明結果或实际效果
再科学研究一下前边的事例。这一次，变换数据信号以粗字体表明。这儿，变换数据信号简易地得出了一个编码序列，与五个关键特点有关：第一（First）、第二（Second）、第三（Third）、第四（Fourth）和最终（Final）。
Example：
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
第四种：取代词(substitution)
更换就是指应用一个或好几个英语单词更换文字中此前应用的一个或好几个英语单词。从英语的语法上讲，它与指称词类似，关键差别取决于取代词一般 仅限被取代词后边的从句，而指称词能够指的是文字中很早以前的某一词。最常见的代词是one，so和do，have，be等助动词。
比如：“Drinking alcohol before driving is illegal in many countries, since doing so can seriously impair one's ability to drive safely.”
“在很多我国，驾车前喝酒是违反规定的，由于那样做会比较严重危害一个人的行车安全工作能力”
在这句话中，语句 'doing so' （那样做）替代了出現在语句开始的语句 'drinking alcohol before driving' （驾车前饮酒）。
回望以前的事例，里边只有一个更换的事例：英语单词one，它更换语句“important features”（关键特征）。
Example：
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
第五种：省去词(ellipsis)
省去代表着省去一个或好几个英语单词，由于前后文中的意思早已充足清晰，因此 即便 是省去了这个词，也不会造成文章内容含意更改。
Example：
Cohesion is an important feature of academic writing. It can help ensure that your writing coheres or 'sticks together', which will make it easier for the reader to follow the main ideas in your essay or report. You can achieve good cohesion by paying attention to five important features. The first of these is repeated words. The second key feature is reference words. The third one is transition signals. The fourth is substitution. The final important aspect is ellipsis.
以前的例文中有一个省去的事例：“the fourth（第四个是）”，意思是“第四个[关键特点]是”，因此 “important features（关键特点）”这个词被省去了。
此外，大家还为大伙儿提前准备了一些其他类型的常见对接词句/语句，以便写essay时的有备无患。
| Additive words额外词 | Also, and, as well as, at the same time as, besides, equally important, further, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, too, not only... but also. |
| Amplification words变大词 | As, for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, such as, that is, to illustrate. |
| Repetitive words反复措辞 | Again, in other words, that is, to repeat. |
| Contrast words比照词 | But, conversely, despite, even though, however, in contrast, notwithstanding, on the one hand / on the other hand, still, although, though, whereas, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, in spite of this. |
| Cause and effect words因果关系词 | Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for this reason, since, as, so, then, therefore, thus. |
| Qualifying words限定词 | Although, if, even, therefore, unless. |
| Example事例 | For example, for instance. |
| For example, for instance. | Above all, more/most importantly. |
| Reason words逻辑推理词 | For this reason, owing to this, therefore. |
| Order words顺序词 | Afterwards, at the same time, before, firstly/secondly, formerly, lastly, finally, later, meanwhile, next, now, presently, today/yesterday/last week/next year, subsequently, then, until, ultimately, while, historically, in the end, eventually. |
| Explanation表述 | In other words, that is to say. |
| Attitude心态 | Naturally, of course, certainly, strangely enough, surprisingly, fortunately, unfortunately, admittedly, undoubtedly. |
| Summary引言/小结 | Finally, in conclusion, in short, to summarise. |
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