Hyphen ( – ) 连字形
连字形尺寸关键用以一些首码 (如: self-, ex- 和all- ) 后和组成复合词。
ex-husband〈前任老公〉, brand-new(全新升级的), poorly-dressed(服装破旧的)
I have forty-thousand or fifty-thousand dollars.
I want to obtain the whole-year or half-year lease of the apartment.
当2个或2个之上复合词并且用,而各复合词连字形尺寸后的一部分同样时,各复合词的同样一部分只出現一次,应改成the whole- or half-year lease.
用以区别同一词根。
当某复合词中出現反复的英文字母或太多的母音,使阅读文章艰难时,能用连字形尺寸把首码和词性转换分离。
non-nuclear,
re-use,
semi-independent
组成一些复合型多位(在英文写作中,100下列的多位应当用英语词写出去,不能用阿拉伯数替代
twenty-one during the year
1949-1999
one fourth [也可one-fourth] of those surveyed
用以一个词的一部分要移形:一般按声调中断开英语单词加连字形尺寸(比如:ha-ppy, 不能断为hap-py ……)或依据音标发音,不必把单独英文字母留到行尾或行首。留意一页中最后一个英语单词不可以应用连字形尺寸将其放置好几页。
Parenthesis( ( ) ) 圆括弧
标明表次序的多位和英文字母。
(1)、(2) 等
用于表明在其中插进的或额外的表述成份。这一插进成份能够是英语单词、片语或语句。但要留意,括弧会消弱注重功效。因而,假如要注重插进的语句成分,则要用破折号。
They might take a walk together (remember feet) and see the neighborhood with fresh, new eyes.
Quotation Marks ( “ ” ) ( ‘ ’ ) 冒号
冒号分单引号 (Single Quotation Marks) 和双引号 (Double Quotation Marks)。单引号仅用在一个直接引语中所带有的另一个直接引语上。
表明直接引语
“Well,” the foreigner said to him, “you look like an engineer.”
句点和分号务必放置冒号 (双引号和单引号) 以内。
He told the gunman, “I refuse to do that”; his knees, however, were shaking even as he said those words.
She called this schedule of activities her “load”; work, study, exercise, recreation, and sleep.
灶具与分号必放置冒号外。
The teacher asked, “Could you understand me”?
Did the teacher ask, “Have they gone”?
Did the teacher ask, “They have gone?”
The frightened girl screamed, “Help”!
The fellow only said, “Sorry !”
He interrupted me, “Now, listen” ——and went on saying.
假如所引內容自身是一般疑问句或感叹句或含有破折号,疑问、惊叹号或破折号一般放到冒号以内。不然,放到冒号以外。
. 标出短篇小说出版发行的题目
例如杂志期刊、报刊上的文章内容、短诗、短篇故事和整部书的某一章节目录。
Have you read “The Old Man and the Sea”?
Chapter three is entitled “The Internet.”
表明所用的词语具备独特实际意义
当俚语出現在较宣布的文章内容中,也用冒号造成来,以表明笔风的有心变化。
The report contained the “facts” of the case.
The speaker owns a “fat farm” in California, which slims down rich overeaters for$2,500 a week.
用以表明造成阅读者留意的词句,或阅读者不了解的独特词句
It is customary to say “You are welcome” whenever anyone says “Thank you.”
“SOS” is a message for help from a ship or aircraft when in danger.
Ellipsis ( … ) 句号
此句号不管出現在句首、句中、還是句尾,全是表明英语单词的省去。
表明直接引语中的省去
Max wrote, “… in one word, man’s consciousness, changes with every change in the conditions of his material existence ….”
留意:句后的句号和句点的书写应是在一条平行线上的四个小黑点。前三个小黑点表明句号,后一个小黑点表句点。
表明讲话中的迟疑或犹豫
“If that the way you think … just go back to school,” he said.
表明文章段落或整行句子的省去,须应用一整行小黑点。
Apostrophe ( ’ ) 撇号或省字形
组成名词所有格
rest my son’s
a moment’s books
A three weeks’ pay
表明词、英文字母、数码、标记等的复数形式
Don’t use so many ands in the sentence.
How many 5s have you got?
这与一般英语单词的复数形式不一样,靠谱的书写须在s 前面 “ ’ ”,要铭记标准。除表形容词的简称外,还表一个或好多个英文字母和多位的省去。
I’ve got it. “Yes, ma’am,” the waiter said.
留意:简称是英语口语中的使用方法,不适合出現在书面语言中。
I’d like to . . . (书面形式要写I would like to)
Underline ( __ ) 字道德底线 Italics 斜体字
斜体字是英语的一种与众不同的撰写方式,但具备标点符号的功效,它和字道德底线的功效彻底一样。
用以列车、飞机场、货轮、太空飞船的名字下> Challenger (飞机场)
Apollo Nine (太空飞船)
用以具备一定薄厚的书本、报刊、杂志期刊、长诗、影片、编曲的题目下
Have you read Gone with the Wind?
在书写体中,经典小说小说名字下需要插字道德底线,如果是印刷体写出斜体字就可以。
the Washington Post Time magazine
表明不常见的或都还没被英文这一文学语言接纳的外来词或语句。但外来词中的动物与植物学科须汉字道德底线来表明。
In Korea, the sixty-first birthday is called huan gup (beginning of new life).
He longed for La dolce vita.
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