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The Importance of You 了解自身的关键
Academia celebrates the great body of knowledge that has been accumulated through the centuries. A scholar's twin mission is to recognize and access all of that knowledge—and to add to it. This is a grand work that can overwhelm a new scholar, who quite naturally is awed by the work of the many great academicians who preceded him. Consequently, some academic writers try to imitate the best of the writing styles they discover in their research. While emulating greatness is good, subverting one's own identity in the process is not. You should write as you.
学界巨大的总体专业知识,是根据几百年来的积累。每名专家学者都是有二项重任,一项是掌握、应用学术研究专业知识,另一项是再次积累新的专业知识。初学者专家学者对第二项重任很有可能力有未逮,由于学术研究老前辈留有的很多佳作当然让人觉得仰之弥高。因而,创作学术研究文章内容时,有的人会效仿科学研究中发觉最出众的写作风格。效仿作品虽然非常好,创作时却不应该舍弃本人独到见解。你应该用自身的表达形式创作。
Why is this desirable? For one thing, you may be the next great academic writer, but the world will never know it if you don't write as yourself! Recognizing greatness that emerged in the past does not preclude introducing greatness in the present. Nothing in the academic tradition requires today's thinkers and writers to be obeisant to yesterday's. Quite the opposite. Today's scholars are expected to be stimulated by scholars of the past. As one of today's scholars, you should use all of your faculties—including your writing intelligence—and become a bridge to the future.
为何要用自身的表达形式创作?最先,你可能是学术研究创作的下一个新秀,但假如你没主要表现自身,没人会发觉你的优异之处。掌握以往的造就,不意味着如今不可以造就造就。学术研究传统式仍未规定教育家或创作者对先人恭顺听从;恰好反过来,现如今的专家学者应当遭受以往老前辈鼓励驱策。现如今你作为专家学者,应当极力充分发挥能够,应用自身的写作方法,变成通向将来的公路桥梁。
The fact is, if you imitate a favorite scholar-writer of yesteryear, you cannot do your best work. It is impossible to maximize your talent if a portion of it is left undeveloped. After all, it is your interests that lead you to an academic topic. Research progresses according to the values you place on the key elements of a paper. If you subsequently write in the style or voice of another person, the result will be an academic mish-mash because the writing is not congruent with the thinking behind it. A muddle results. You cannot effectively divorce yourself from your writing.
事实上,假如你一味效仿喜爱的学术研究老前辈,就没法写成经典作。假如一些才气遭受压抑感,你也就没法畅快充分发挥。终究,你是根据自身的兴趣爱好刻苦钻研某一学术研究主题风格,并依据你自己高度重视的一部分促进科学研究发展趋势。假如你以后却用另一个人的设计风格或表达形式发表文章,結果很有可能只获得一篇学术研究杂烩。假如文章内容没法迎合身后的观念,結果便是一团错乱。人的思索念头难以与文本错位。
In Search of the Genuine 寻找自身
Scholars whose work generally is recognized as superior are confident people. They may be humble, but they are not awed by peers or predecessors. They have personal faith in the value of their own contributions to academic learning. In short, they believe in themselves. This self-esteem sustains them in their search for elusive truth or a critical source. It reassures them as they consider an approach to a subject or as they organize their material for coherent presentation. More to the point, it guides them as they express in their own words what they have discovered.
非凡的专家学者一般 全是有自信的人。她们很有可能为人正直谦虚,但不容易惧怕同侪或老前辈,她们坚信自己的奉献对学术研究专业知识有使用价值。简易而言,她们坚信自己。自尊心自身重量让她们能坚持到底,寻找捉摸不定的真知或关键的材料来源于,并让她们在挑选研究思路,或机构原材料、井然有序地表述时,能更有信心。更关键的是,自尊心自身重量正确引导她们用自身得话表明研究发现。
How do they peel away self-deception and self-doubt and come to value themselves as valuable academic writers? They test themselves and evaluate the tests. To wit, they introduce metaphors in papers and learn which ones work, and which ones detract. They try various word patterns and phrasing and study the results purely through a reader's eyes. They use jargon in a fresh way to see if it invigorates a sentence or deadens it. In short, through trial and error, they develop a writing style that is individual and effective as an academic instrument. They develop a voice.
她们如何防止欺骗或猜疑自身,最终注重自身的学术研究文章内容?回答是意谓一再检测,并评定检测結果。换句话说,她们会在毕业论文中应用譬喻,掌握什么譬喻有效,什么危害。她们试着各种各样遣词汉字与表述,并彻底从阅读者的视角考虑,讨论結果是不是理想化。她们以自主创新的方式应用专业术语,看语句是不是更有魅力,還是越来越萎靡不振。简而言之,她们反复实验,发展趋势出本人与众不同、强有力的写作风格,做为学术研究专用工具──她们发展趋势出自身的表达形式。
Some of this development of an authentic writing voice is accomplished privately. But the ultimate test comes when a paper is submitted to an assigning professor. Besides commenting on topic and treatment, a professor evaluates the writing, and a self-assured writer learns from each evaluation. He may adjust his writing to accommodate criticisms. He will come to see which criticisms are valid and which are subjective and, therefore, less valid. After a few submitted papers, a writer will hit his stride and find his voice, his writing style, and perhaps his vocation.
尽管有的人是努力发展趋势出与众不同的表达形式,但毕业论文交到专家教授后,才算是最后的检测。专家教授除开对于主题风格与解决给与提议,也会对创作良莠点评。有信心的创作者能从每则点评中学习培训,或许会依据指责调节文章内容,并评定什么点评有些道理,什么较主观性而没有实用价值。交过2~3篇毕业论文后,创作者就能大步走前行,寻找自身的表达形式、自身的写作风格、乃至寻找自身的志业。
Putting it to Work 技巧三:实践活动精湛
Finding your voice is not just finding a writing identity. It is finding effective academic expression in terms that come naturally to you. This is important. Too often, writers who try to write outside themselves in the style of another academician encounter mental blocks. They get stuck and can't proceed. Writers who have developed an individual voice navigate around these obstacles more easily because their thinking and writing are in harmony. While this advantage sometimes is underappreciated, writers who find their own voice know the difference.
寻找的表达形式不只是发展趋势本人写作特色,只是在写学术研究文章内容时,用你当然想起的句子,让表述更简约强有力。这一点很重要,经常出现人想以别的专家学者的设计风格创作,結果防碍了思索,让自身困在原地不动没法再次。假如能发展趋势出自身的表达形式,意味着思索与写作风格能一致,这般就较为非常容易翻过阻碍。有的人没法掌握在其中的益处,但寻找自身表达形式的人就了解箇中各自。
Whatever voice you have discovered as your own, continue to refine it as your academic career advances. If your voice is didactic—that is, instructive in tone and delivery—help it grow to where you smoothly lead your readers to a conclusion rather than harangue them. If it is vigorous in tone, make sure you don't wear out your readers with uncontrolled energy. If it is vibrant in its language, guard against overpowering readers with too much imagery and color. Above all, keep your voice active, direct and purposeful. A passive voice will put a reader to sleep every time.
不管你察觉自己归属于哪一种表达形式,还记得在学术研究职业生涯中持续精湛表述。假如你的表述归属于教育式,也就是语气叫法是在具体指导人怎么做,要提升表述,将阅读者当然导向性结果,而不流于冗杂的批评。假如你语气刚劲有力,谨记不必太过殷切,令人读到疲倦。假如你的語言生动有趣,当心别应用太多意境与颜色,令人读到把持不住。最重要的是,表达形式要积极主动、立即、言之有理,消沉处于被动的表述毫无疑问会令人读到入睡。
A personal style of writing is the final piece in a well-organized, thoroughly researched and carefully cited paper. Academic writing is, of course, first “academic” and secondarily “writing.” In other words, a paper's content, organization, citations , and originality constitute the critical mass in determining its success. Yet writing carries the biggest burden. It transcends all the rest. Writing that is effective and identifiably yours can partly mask a paper's shortcomings in structure and sourcing, but only partly. Never rely on an authentic voice to sell a poor paper.
一篇毕业论文假如构造认真细致、科学研究透澈、引入清晰,再应用本人与众不同的表达形式,就能画龙点晴。学术研究创作主要当然還是「学术研究」,次之才算是「创作」。换句话说,一篇毕业论文的內容、构架、引入、独创性最重要,决策了毕业论文成功与失败。但是创作驾驭别的一部分,担负表述文章主旨的重任。假如创作清晰精确,并有了你自身特有的表达形式,能够遮盖论文框架与引入材料的一部分缺陷,但也仅仅部分罢了。千万不要想靠独创性的表达形式来遮盖毕业论文的荒缪。
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