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范例essay代笔：酒店餐厅盈利智能管理系统的应用研究

收益管理做为一种关键的管理方法，在国际性酒店业遭受普遍关心，收益管理不但能够提高工作效率，并且能够立即造就酒店餐厅收益。收益管理是酒店行业最立即、最有利的可视化工具之一，文中关键从盈利管理的定义、酒店餐厅收益智能管理系统的科学研究应用和酒店行业I等层面开展了讨论。文中以伦敦杭州市格拉里餐馆为例子，剖析了在沒有一切提升的状况下，Castho酒店餐厅收益智能管理系统能够作出快速响应和适度的价钱切分，进而做到最大盈利。不光滑的具体运用智能管理系统和科学研究的销售市场市场需求分析和价格策略，能够协助酒店餐厅提升目前資源的分派，以利润最大化盈利。收益管理是一种科学研究的管理模式，致力于将不一样价钱的商品立即市场销售给不一样的消费者，以使酒店餐厅收益利润最大化。

Executive summary 实行引言

As an important management method, revenue management has received extensive attention in international hotel industry.Revenue management should not only improve efficiency, but also create hotel revenue directly. And revenue management is one of the most useful management tools that can bring direct benefits to the hotel industry.This researchpaper mainly discussfromthe following aspects as the definition of revenue management, the scientific waysto use hotel revenue management systemandthe hotel industry implements revenue management strategies, especially sales and marketing techniques.Then take the shangri-la hotel in Sydney for example,it aims to analyzewithout any increase costhow hotel revenue management system can make rapid response and appropriate price segmentation to make highest profit.Through the practical application of therevenue management system and scientific market demand forecasting and pricingstrategy, it can help hotels optimize the allocation of existing resources to maximize revenue. Revenue management is a scientific management strategy, which aims to sell products at different prices to different customers in a timely manner so as to maximize the hotel revenue.

Table of contents

1.Background 情况

Because the revenue management system has huge impacts on the company’s decision-making and improveprofits. Many of the world's leading hotel groups, especially the hotel groups in Europe, the United States and Australia, have attached great importance to the management of revenue.They have established a special revenue management department and configured a computer system that can perform a lot of data analysis and real-time optimization.The shangri-la hotel management company is one of the first companies in the world to introduce revenue management into the hotel industry，It is also the most successful user and beneficiary of revenue management.Early on, shangri-la implemented revenue management and accumulated years of experience and wealth，leading the hotel industry and becoming one of the largest and most successful hotel groups in the world.It is worth noting that shangri-la hotel management is not only concerned with revenue management, and it has invested huge funds in developing its own revenue management system for their group hotels. Like shangri-la, there are also other successful hotelswhich have also put the revenue management in the important position, such as intercontinental, accor, hyatt, kempinski, four seasons, the langham, Anna tara, etc.,

2.Definition of revenue management 盈利管理的定义

Revenue Management is also called as yield management is an income management for non-storage assets, which is a dynamic pricing strategy for higher income.This theory combines the theoretical knowledge of microeconomics, enterprise management and statistical operation, and can accurately predict the future demand and supply trend of products, and continuously increase the economic benefits of enterprises.Kimes(1989) combined marketing theory mentioned 4R theory，that is in the right time and place, to provide correct products or services to the correct customers at the right price, to achieve the maximization goal of enterprise income under resource constraint.The 4R theory reflects the market, operation mechanism and enterprise goal of revenue management, which is a comprehensive and accurate interpretation of revenue management.Hotel revenue management refers to the most rapid response and the most appropriate price breakdown without increasing the cost of the enterprise, which make the hotel sell as many rooms as possible at the highest possible price per day and maximize hotel revenue.In 1983, Scotton D.S chadefirst applied revenue management system to the hospitality industry, and then the shangri-la hotel in 1989 introduced a "double breakfast plan"that the weekend house prices fell to half, designed to appeal to local residents in the hotel for the weekend, and successfully improved the hotel occupancy and revenue.

3.The combination of theory and practiceof hotel revenue management system 酒店餐厅盈利智能管理系统的理论研究紧密结合

3.1The combination of theory and practice

（1）In the rapidly changing market, the system and scientific method are used to accurately predict the demand model of the market, analyze the customer's consumption behavior and make the market segmentation reasonably.

（2）Adjust pricing strategy according to market segmentation.

（3）Allocate limited product resources to each segment of the market in an optimal manner，that is to set different prices and sell goods for each type of customer in the most effective way and constantly adjust according to market changes.

（4）To provide decision support for marketing and operation, including: pricing strategy, scheduling, product development, advertising, sales and marketing, personnel and reasonable arrangement.

3.2 The theory applied in the hotel industry

As far as the hotel industry is concerned, the shangri-la hotel in Sydney is one of the five-star hotels in Australia.Its chairman and chief executive, bill marriott, once said: "revenue management has not only increased the benefits of millions of dollars for us, but also education us how to manage more effectively."And according to the report, since the revenue management system was established, bookings at the shangri-la hotel in Sydney have risen by 20% andRevenue management can increase hotel turnover by 5% to 15%.The shangri-la hotel in Sydney has created an unprecedented revenue record, and there has been a significant increase in communication between sales and bookings.In recent years, the world's other luxury hotels such as holiday hotel, the Hilton Hotel, the hyatt hotel group also have modeled on the pattern of the shangri-la hotel, to develop their own revenue management system.

4. Characteristics of hotel revenue management and theapplication of revenue management in luxury hotel 酒店餐厅收益管理方法的特性及收益管理在豪华的酒店中的运用

4.1 Analysis the operation characteristics of luxury hotel group

(1) The hotel industry is a typical service sector that can't use inventory as a buffer against demand fluctuations.

(2) The market can be subdivided. Market segmentation is the basis of business differentiation pricing and the way to carry out revenue management,besides luxury hotel group enterprises are also facing the market segmentation.

(3) Hotel products or services have a strong timeliness. If the hotel room is not checked in one day, the room will have zero profit on the day.

(4) Hotel rooms can be booked in advance through reservation system.

(5) Hotel guests' demand for rooms fluctuate and randomness over time.

(6) Hotel fixed asset investment is huge, daily maintenance cost is higher. The variable costs of relatively high fixed costs may be just a night of utilities, disposable supplies, and the cleaning costs of the cloth, these cost are low.

The characteristics of the luxury hotel group make its management and operation face new problems which are not the same with many other industries.For example, how to balance supply and demand conflicts is a problem.A large number of rooms cannot be sold when room demand is low. When the demand for rooms is high, and because the production capacity is not fixed enough to meet all the requirements, the potential gains are lost.At the same time, the characteristics of high fixed cost and low variable cost provide the basis for operators to adopt differentiated pricing. Therefore, luxury hotel group is one of the best places to apply the theory of revenue management and practice.

4.2Features and application of revenue management in Sydney shangri-la hotel

Located in the historic Rocks district of Sydney, the Sydney shangri-la hotel is one of the top hotels in Sydney, with 565 spacious rooms and suites.All the rooms can enjoy the stunning views of Sydney harbour, and the room is the largest one compared with other luxury hotels in Sydney.However, the actual occupancy rate is usually on Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday, and the room will have many guests in the room, some of them even pay twice. While in other evenings, such as Sunday, the room occupancy rate is very low.In response of these two scenarios, the head of revenue manager at the shangri-la hotel in Sydney is facing a major challenge.She needs not only to keep the guest room full, but to provide the guests with the most reasonable price and to win more profit for the hotel.She also needs to combine pricing and room control to maximize benefits. In the evening of high occupancy rate, you should pay attention not to sell the room early, but also consider the length of time of residence.There are many business travelers willing to pay a higher price but stay overnight, but these customers usually don't check in for a few more free nights. On Sunday, hotel revenue managers need to prepare a lot of rooms at a lower price to attract enough customers, but also need to leave enough rooms for those willing to pay more for their stay.

收益管理做为一种关键的管理方法，在国际性酒店业遭受普遍关心，收益管理不但能够提高工作效率，并且能够立即造就酒店餐厅收益。收益管理是酒店行业最立即、最有利的可视化工具之一，文中关键从盈利管理的定义、酒店餐厅收益智能管理系统的科学研究应用和酒店行业I等层面开展了讨论。文中以伦敦杭州市格拉里餐馆为例子，剖析了在沒有一切提升的状况下，Castho酒店餐厅收益智能管理系统能够作出快速响应和适度的价钱切分，进而做到最大盈利。不光滑的具体运用智能管理系统和科学研究的销售市场市场需求分析和价格策略，能够协助酒店餐厅提升目前資源的分派，以利润最大化盈利。收益管理是一种科学研究的管理模式，致力于将不一样价钱的商品立即市场销售给不一样的消费者，以使酒店餐厅收益利润最大化。

Executive summary 实行引言

As an important management method, revenue management has received extensive attention in international hotel industry.Revenue management should not only improve efficiency, but also create hotel revenue directly. And revenue management is one of the most useful management tools that can bring direct benefits to the hotel industry.This researchpaper mainly discussfromthe following aspects as the definition of revenue management, the scientific waysto use hotel revenue management systemandthe hotel industry implements revenue management strategies, especially sales and marketing techniques.Then take the shangri-la hotel in Sydney for example,it aims to analyzewithout any increase costhow hotel revenue management system can make rapid response and appropriate price segmentation to make highest profit.Through the practical application of therevenue management system and scientific market demand forecasting and pricingstrategy, it can help hotels optimize the allocation of existing resources to maximize revenue. Revenue management is a scientific management strategy, which aims to sell products at different prices to different customers in a timely manner so as to maximize the hotel revenue.

Table of contents

1.Background 情况

Because the revenue management system has huge impacts on the company’s decision-making and improveprofits. Many of the world's leading hotel groups, especially the hotel groups in Europe, the United States and Australia, have attached great importance to the management of revenue.They have established a special revenue management department and configured a computer system that can perform a lot of data analysis and real-time optimization.The shangri-la hotel management company is one of the first companies in the world to introduce revenue management into the hotel industry，It is also the most successful user and beneficiary of revenue management.Early on, shangri-la implemented revenue management and accumulated years of experience and wealth，leading the hotel industry and becoming one of the largest and most successful hotel groups in the world.It is worth noting that shangri-la hotel management is not only concerned with revenue management, and it has invested huge funds in developing its own revenue management system for their group hotels. Like shangri-la, there are also other successful hotelswhich have also put the revenue management in the important position, such as intercontinental, accor, hyatt, kempinski, four seasons, the langham, Anna tara, etc.,

2.Definition of revenue management 盈利管理的定义

Revenue Management is also called as yield management is an income management for non-storage assets, which is a dynamic pricing strategy for higher income.This theory combines the theoretical knowledge of microeconomics, enterprise management and statistical operation, and can accurately predict the future demand and supply trend of products, and continuously increase the economic benefits of enterprises.Kimes(1989) combined marketing theory mentioned 4R theory，that is in the right time and place, to provide correct products or services to the correct customers at the right price, to achieve the maximization goal of enterprise income under resource constraint.The 4R theory reflects the market, operation mechanism and enterprise goal of revenue management, which is a comprehensive and accurate interpretation of revenue management.Hotel revenue management refers to the most rapid response and the most appropriate price breakdown without increasing the cost of the enterprise, which make the hotel sell as many rooms as possible at the highest possible price per day and maximize hotel revenue.In 1983, Scotton D.S chadefirst applied revenue management system to the hospitality industry, and then the shangri-la hotel in 1989 introduced a "double breakfast plan"that the weekend house prices fell to half, designed to appeal to local residents in the hotel for the weekend, and successfully improved the hotel occupancy and revenue.

3.The combination of theory and practiceof hotel revenue management system 酒店餐厅盈利智能管理系统的理论研究紧密结合

3.1The combination of theory and practice

（1）In the rapidly changing market, the system and scientific method are used to accurately predict the demand model of the market, analyze the customer's consumption behavior and make the market segmentation reasonably.

（2）Adjust pricing strategy according to market segmentation.

（3）Allocate limited product resources to each segment of the market in an optimal manner，that is to set different prices and sell goods for each type of customer in the most effective way and constantly adjust according to market changes.

（4）To provide decision support for marketing and operation, including: pricing strategy, scheduling, product development, advertising, sales and marketing, personnel and reasonable arrangement.

3.2 The theory applied in the hotel industry

As far as the hotel industry is concerned, the shangri-la hotel in Sydney is one of the five-star hotels in Australia.Its chairman and chief executive, bill marriott, once said: "revenue management has not only increased the benefits of millions of dollars for us, but also education us how to manage more effectively."And according to the report, since the revenue management system was established, bookings at the shangri-la hotel in Sydney have risen by 20% andRevenue management can increase hotel turnover by 5% to 15%.The shangri-la hotel in Sydney has created an unprecedented revenue record, and there has been a significant increase in communication between sales and bookings.In recent years, the world's other luxury hotels such as holiday hotel, the Hilton Hotel, the hyatt hotel group also have modeled on the pattern of the shangri-la hotel, to develop their own revenue management system.

4. Characteristics of hotel revenue management and theapplication of revenue management in luxury hotel 酒店餐厅收益管理方法的特性及收益管理在豪华的酒店中的运用

4.1 Analysis the operation characteristics of luxury hotel group

(1) The hotel industry is a typical service sector that can't use inventory as a buffer against demand fluctuations.

(2) The market can be subdivided. Market segmentation is the basis of business differentiation pricing and the way to carry out revenue management,besides luxury hotel group enterprises are also facing the market segmentation.

(3) Hotel products or services have a strong timeliness. If the hotel room is not checked in one day, the room will have zero profit on the day.

(4) Hotel rooms can be booked in advance through reservation system.

(5) Hotel guests' demand for rooms fluctuate and randomness over time.

(6) Hotel fixed asset investment is huge, daily maintenance cost is higher. The variable costs of relatively high fixed costs may be just a night of utilities, disposable supplies, and the cleaning costs of the cloth, these cost are low.

The characteristics of the luxury hotel group make its management and operation face new problems which are not the same with many other industries.For example, how to balance supply and demand conflicts is a problem.A large number of rooms cannot be sold when room demand is low. When the demand for rooms is high, and because the production capacity is not fixed enough to meet all the requirements, the potential gains are lost.At the same time, the characteristics of high fixed cost and low variable cost provide the basis for operators to adopt differentiated pricing. Therefore, luxury hotel group is one of the best places to apply the theory of revenue management and practice.

4.2Features and application of revenue management in Sydney shangri-la hotel

Located in the historic Rocks district of Sydney, the Sydney shangri-la hotel is one of the top hotels in Sydney, with 565 spacious rooms and suites.All the rooms can enjoy the stunning views of Sydney harbour, and the room is the largest one compared with other luxury hotels in Sydney.However, the actual occupancy rate is usually on Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday, and the room will have many guests in the room, some of them even pay twice. While in other evenings, such as Sunday, the room occupancy rate is very low.In response of these two scenarios, the head of revenue manager at the shangri-la hotel in Sydney is facing a major challenge.She needs not only to keep the guest room full, but to provide the guests with the most reasonable price and to win more profit for the hotel.She also needs to combine pricing and room control to maximize benefits. In the evening of high occupancy rate, you should pay attention not to sell the room early, but also consider the length of time of residence.There are many business travelers willing to pay a higher price but stay overnight, but these customers usually don't check in for a few more free nights. On Sunday, hotel revenue managers need to prepare a lot of rooms at a lower price to attract enough customers, but also need to leave enough rooms for those willing to pay more for their stay.

代笔assignment：网络技术在航运业中的功效

今日网络技术无所不在：全部的网址都想把客户从盈利中提取，它是不太可能的。有的人很有可能沒有意识到国际航空公司是这一新营销渠道的最开始客户。她们能够根据互联网技术获得有关门票、时刻表、广告宣传和买卖的信息内容，而不容易浪费时间，错过良好的机会哦！去传统式的国际航空公司订购代理商。在那样做的全过程中，大家把技术性危害到航运业的很多层面，打开了根据互联网技术设备联接企业和顾客的不一样交易规则的大门口。

信息科技的发展有利于航运业迈向全世界销售市场。实际上，它从销售渠道的视角给航运业产生了全局性的转变。为了更好地提升 她们的业务流程，国际航空公司务必掌握网络技术怎样危害她们的业务流程。

在本文中，我将探讨网络技术架构造就的方法，以提升 国际航空公司的经济收益。创作者的架构侧重于网络技术架构怎样根据国际航空公司自身的网址在互联网销售飞机票，进而危害航运业的主题活动。使我们科学研究一下网络技术在航运业中的功效。

E-commerce is ubiquitous today--it's impossible to sit in front of a computer without seeing advertisements and links to sites of all descriptions that would like to separate the user from some of her money. Some people may not realize that airlines were among the earliest users of this new sales channel. They can access information via internet regarding about fare, schedule, see advertising and doing a transaction without wasting their time to go to the traditional airlines reservation agent. In doing so, people let technology affect into many aspects in airlines industries and opened the gate to different ways of trading that connected company and customer by using internet facilities.

The advancement of information technology helps airlines industry to reach global markets. In fact, it brings a fundamental change to airlines industry in term of distributions channel. To enhance their business, the airlines have to understand how e-commerce influences their business.

In this essay, I will discuss the way in which the electronic commerce frameworks create to enhance the business value in Airlines industry. The author framework focuses on how the electronic commerce framework affects airlines industry activities in terms of selling ticket online via airlines own website. Let's examine the role of e-commerce in the airline industry.

E-Commerce in Airline Industry 航空公司网络技术

E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet according to Definition.com. In practice, this term and e-business are often used interchangeably. For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. Airlines have been heavily invested in technology for years. The introduction of the computerized reservations system in 1962 allowed the airlines to have real-time data on the number of seats available on any given flight. American Airline's SABRE was first, with full implementation by 1964; competitors released their systems over the next few years. The company also was able to better track revenue, because the computerized system also stored fare information. Starting 1990s Airlines quickly started employ online sales channels. They already had the infrastructure of mainframes and the knowledge of data collection, so the transition to online was a natural one. No longer would flight information and pricing be available only in a travel agent's office or via the airline's ticket counter or phone line. Growth in online sales has been substantial at many airlines. For example, American Delta Air Lines began online ticket sales in 1996, achieving less than one percent of sales; online sales had reached more than eight percent of all tickets sold by 2001.

Before using e-commerce, mostly of airline's ticket are sold through airline reservation agent, and this is affected the ticket price became more expensive. When people buy ticket from agent, they must pay the price included agent fee. Based on GAO (2003) cited by Frank, Menho and Shi (2007), figure 1 below describe the airline ticket distribution that supported by Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs).

"Figure 1: Airline ticket distribution relationship"

To reach a global market, the CRSs growth into Global Distribution Systems (GDSs). In this system, the airline should pay a commission fee to the agent and pay a booking fee to the CRS, whereas the agent also have to pay a subscription fee to CRS. As a result, the ticket price that the consumer must to pay becomes very expensive.

However, because that reason, nowadays there are many airlines company using direct marketing in order to process transaction use e-commerce through their own website, where is using internet in buying ticket online can make the ticket price cheaper because they can cut the distribution costs.

In addition, not only for search information about schedule, fare, and facilitate the booking online, the utilizing internet also helps to promote and build airlines brand in people's mind. In simple word, the business value of airlines industry has growth and get a lot of benefits by using e-commerce in terms of facilitate customers to book ticket online.

III. How E-Commerce Enriches Quality of Airline Industry 网络技术怎样丰富多彩航运业的品质

As we can see explanation previously, utilize of e-commerce to buy ticket online via internet without using a airline reservation agent service enrich the business value of airlines industry. But now, the question is about how e-commerce helps to enhance the value of airline industry? To answer that question, author will focus on the ways of e-commerce enhance airline industry's value in terms of price competitiveness, timeliness, and promotion.

It is impossible to reduce cost with cut the direct operating cost, because the aircraft and fuel is a fixed price, whereas the worker salaries also have a standard minimum payment. So, the airlines industry could not reduce cost by cutting them. The only one way to reduce cost is by cutting the distribution cost.

The utilizing of internet in terms of buying ticket online bring impact into reducing cost, because selling ticket directly by using airlines own website can cut down the distribution channel of airlines ticket. For a service of selling a ticket to customer, usually an airline pays 5-25 % for commissions the agent. Caused by airlines industry can cut the distribution cost, they don't have to pay commission fee to agents which finally affected the ticket price. The airlines can offer ticket cheaper than the price that the agent offered to the customer. Furthermore, with reducing transaction costs in automatic ordering and invoicing systems can lead to lower price. In addition, the utilizing of electronic commerce also reduced the cost in terms of using paper. The process of transaction will be paperless because the airlines do not need to use paper as a ticket paper for the customers. After the customers done the transaction of buying ticket in internet, they print the letter approval by themself. So, the airline industry can cut down the cost of using paper. Following is the e-ticket sample.

Besides reducing cost, e-commerce utilizing for buying ticket online create efficiency by reducing time in transaction process. E-commerce make markets all over the world are accessible. By using internet facility, it give people the ability to access all of information and book the ticket 24 hour a day, 7 days a week, everyday, at anytime, and anywhere. People all over the world can access the information does not matter wherever they are. They can make a transaction without wasting their time to go to the airline reservation agent company to reserve a ticket. They just need to connect to the internet and click airlines website to purchase a ticket. The e-commerce activities in booking ticket airline also can cut down the delivery process time from the airline company to the customer. People can print out their own ticket by themself after they done the transaction in internet. Or in another words, it is faster ordering and delivering.

Above describes the information about the fare differences between e-fare, regular web fare, and fare by using airline reservation agent. Although there are some fares differences between e-fare and regular web fare for exact same itinerary with a same date and flight. It is because e-fare is offered by airlines company nearly the due date of departure flight, where the e-fare is offered by airlines company just in case there are available seat.

However, the fare that agent offered to the customer still more expensive, and has great differences fare between online reservation and booking ticket via agent. In simple words, the table 2 above give a picture that using e-commerce in terms of booking ticket online in airlines industry can reduce distribution cost that affected the airline to offer a lower price of ticket. So, It shows that the utilizing of e-commerce for buying ticket online create a business value in airlines industry in terms of price competitiveness.

Moreover, using e-commerce also enhance the value of airlines industry in terms of promoting and advertising. The advertisement cost through media such as newspaper, magazine, television, or radio are mostly more expensive than promoting by using website. One of some superiorities of advertising via internet is because the website provides 24 hour access every day all over the world and the information that consist of internet also always up to date in a real time.

IV.IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON TRAVEL AGENT INDUSTRY 网络技术对旅游社业的危害

The travel agent industry is coordination intensive: in other words it is centered on the communication and processing of information. The ability to make travel-related reservations online directly with the provider significantly reduces fixed and variable coordination costs because there is no human intervention between the consumer and the travel provider. The human intervention can take the form of a travel agent or an airline employee in a telephone reservations office or city ticket office, but in either case eliminating human intervention minimizes costs to the airline. This is why many airlines are offering discount fares that are available exclusively to online users, and promoting the use of electronic ticketing.

In the travel industry, the two factors mentioned above - product uniqueness and ease of description - have become critical factors in determining whether an intermediary, in most cases a travel agent, will be used by a prospective traveler. Some itineraries, such as a simple business round trip by air, may be just as easy to arrange while dealing directly with a carrier. However, a package tour or cruise is inherently complex to describe, and will vary greatly in content and price depending on the different suppliers and options. Such leisure trips often involve pitfalls and uncertainties, and the average consumer needs advice on these matters before making a decision.

Trends affecting the travel industry generally include changing customer demands (such as interest in exotic destinations, or travel by seniors), increased expectations in terms of value and convenience, and increasingly knowledgeable consumers who are themselves users of IT. The travel industry is being fundamentally altered by IT. Historically airlines and large hotel chains, for example, have been early adopters of new technologies such as Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs). The distribution network being used by the travel industry is in many ways outdated, relying on third parties such as CRS vendors or travel agents who have traditionally justified their presence through a specialized technology infrastructure and specific knowledge On the contrary it becomes a threat for the continuity of airline reservation agent industry. Alamdari (2006) cited by Frank, et al (2007) asserts:

As airlines in the US and many European countries have either significantly lowered or eliminated travel agent commissions altogether, travel agents were forced to look to the travel purchaser as their customer, switching their business model from being agents for airlines to being travel management service providers to travelers. [1]

Based on the statement above, to survive and continued their business, the airline reservation agent tried to switch their business from being airlines agent reservation becomes travel management service provider. Travel agents do not have the same biases as the suppliers they represent, although the agents' behavior can be affected by such practices as commission overrides. Finally, aspects such as trust and social contact are important to many consumers, particularly when planning leisure travel; face-to-face contact with an agent at a physical retail location will remain important for many travelers.

V. CONCLUSION 结果

Perhaps the clearest indication of the growing importance of e-commerce in the global economy is the rapidity with which Internet use has grown and spread during the last decade. The boom in e-commerce also includes increased use of other media for trade, such as the telephone, television, fax, and electronic payment. Because e-commerce became such an integral part of the global economy, the WTO has begun to consider how it fits into the multilateral trade framework, and what rules or regulations should apply.[2]

The development of technology added more value to enrich airlines industry and changes the business transaction system. However, the utilizing of e-commerce to buy ticket online threatened the future of airline reservation agent. The travel industry is currently undergoing a major transition due to a shift in distribution channels which reflects the impact of IT. Travel providers such as airlines have a vested interest in steering the traveler toward their own services, leading to considerable justification for the continued presence of agencies. However, the highly competitive nature of the travel industry and declining commissions paid by airlines will lead to widespread travel agency consolidation.

This essay analyzes the utilizing of e-commerce in airlines industry in case of buying ticket online via internet. As this essay describe above, the e-commerce framework help to enhance business value in airlines industry in terms of reducing cost, reducing time, and promoting the airline brand in people's mind.

VII. RECCOMEDATIONS

E-commerce has an important role in the businesses, where it can help reduce the supply chain from airline's company, and also can change future trends in the airlines businesses in overall. For any successful e-commerce business it is always required to get traffic to business portal, lure customers to best products (highly profitable) and boost up the sales. But to get customers to buy your choice of product is what is not in the hands of the business owners. Here are some to-do tasks that can help a lot in attracting customers to e-commerce based website and drive up sales to increase profitability in developed and developing societies. For Developed Country:

Bringing traffic to your website, maintaining traffic etc

Driving up sales and revenues through offers and value services

But, in contrast it cannot happen with under develop and developing countries, which infrastructure for e-commerce is not compatible with system in that countries.

However, in below the author give recommendation regarding development e-commerce in developing country.

Build infrastructure for e-commerce.

Give knowledge about the importance role of e-commerce in the businesses.