英语写作格式是什么？英语写作的误区及解决方案~

英文写作的实质是交流信息，而不是耍酷。又长又难的文章内容总是为阅读者的阅读题导致不便，从而让她们丧失细心，果断不读。只是是这两个错误观念，就要大家好的逻辑思维和见解缺失了散播的机遇，因小失大。因此 ，大家应当该怎么办？

01.从创作标准考虑

最先，“be relentlessly clear”。保证肯定清楚。

还未开始创作的情况下，我们要维持头脑的清楚。从阅读者的视角考虑，弄清楚大家为何要创作，要做到哪些目地，中心思想是啥，阅读者肖像是啥。一切不相干內容，要有绝情删掉。

“When writing Berkshire Hathaway’s annual report, I pretend that I’m talking to my sisters. I have no trouble picturing them: Though highly intelligent, they are not experts in accounting or finance. They will understand plain English, but jargon may puzzle them. ”

——股神巴菲特

在《The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Plain English Handbook》的序言中，股神巴菲特说要“ground your prose by having a particular reader in mind”。创作时，要想像自身是写給有一个实际的阅读者，要写的“有态度”。

“My goal is simply to give them the information I would wish them to supply me if our positions were reversed. To succeed, I don’t need to be Shakespeare; I must, though, have a sincere desire to inform.”

——股神巴菲特

次之，“waste no words”。保证肯定精减。

可用一个字表述的，就无需两字。可用before就无需prior to。

可用active voice主动语态就无需passive voice被动语态。

可用更明显的形容词替代be动词，就那么去做。

大家必须在诸多方式中角逐阅读者们稀有的時间和关心，务必信口开河。

NOT THIS:

Efficiency measures that have been implemented by the company with strong involvement of senior management have generated cost savings while at the very same time assisting in the building of a culture that is centered around the value of efficiency. We anticipate that, given this excising of unnecessary expenditures and enhanced control of other expenditures, the overall profitability of the company will be increased in the near term of up to four quaters.

[73 words]

BUT THIS:

Our senior management team has cut costs and made the company more efficient. We expect to be more profitable for the next four quarters. 

[24 words]

最终，“be plain spoken”。保证表述当然和质朴。

如何去做呢？

很简单。像你讲话那般去创作。

中国语文教学中的创作，太过高度重视文辞的绮丽和修辞方法的应用，把每一个人都作为文学家去塑造，忽略了对朴实的说明文和议论文写作工作能力的塑造。而商业服务全球，最常见的实际上便是这二种体载。文辞的堆积和修辞方法的乱用，反倒会巨大的损害一篇文章的易读性。

在创作全过程中，Sandra一直说：“What are you trying to say? Just say it.” 我一直没懂她代表什么意思，直至我看到了股神巴菲特对一个金融企业的商务策划书的改变文章段落。

NOT THIS:

Maturity and duration management decisions are made in the context of an intermediate maturity orientation. The maturity structure of the portfolio is adjusted in the anticipation of cyclical interest-rate changes. Such adjustments are not made in an effort to capture short-term, day-to-day movements in the market, but instead are implemented in anticipation of longer-term, secular shifts in the interest rates (i.e., shifts transcending and/or not inherent to the business cycle). Adjustments made to shorten portfolio maturity and duration are made to limit capital losses during periods when interest rates are expected to rise. Conversely, adjustments made to lengthen maturation for the portfolio’s maturity and duration strategy lies in the analysis of the U.S. and global economies, focusing on levels of real interest rates, monetary and fiscal policy actions, and cyclical indicators. （某金融企业商务策划书文章段落）

Words: 136

Sentences: 5 (all passive voice)

Average sentence length: 27.2

Flesch  Reading Ease: 8.2

BUT THIS:

We will try to profit by correctly predicting future interest rates. When we have no strong opinion, we will generally hold intermediate-term bonds. But when we expect a major and sustained increase in rates, we will concentrate on short-term issues. And conversely, if we expect a major shift to lower rates, we will buy long bonds. We will focus on the big picture and won’t make moves based on short-term considerations.（股神巴菲特的改变）

Words: 74

Sentences: 5 (none passive voice)

Average sentence length: 14.8

Flesch Reading Ease: 60.1

Flesch Reading Ease是一个英文的易读性检测专用工具。从0-100，成绩越高意味着易读性越高。融合上边几段的得分和大家的感观，能够非常好地体现出文字的可读性对吸引住专注力的危害水平。

02.从文章内容考虑

Better Business Writing这本书详细介绍了一个趣味的角色扮演游戏架构：MACJ。这四个字母分别是Madman, Architect, Carpenter, 和Judge四个英语单词的首写。它注重在创作的情况下，要按序各自饰演这四种不一样的人物角色。每饰演一个特殊人物角色，就只搞好人物角色范畴内的事儿。

第一步，搜集素材图片，融合见解，应当像madman。只必须追求完美逻辑思维的活跃性，见解的新奇，连逻辑性也不需考虑到。异想天开，无拘无束，把想说想写的原封不动地扔在紙上/word文本文档上。

第二步，思索文章内容，关键考虑到逻辑性合理化。从第一步中获得的见解和素材图片中，选择不超过三个关键的见解开展论述。用三句详细的语句表述文章内容的关键见解，并对这种见解开展排列。若有谈及時间，即按先后顺序编写。若未谈及時间，按并列结构，并始终把最重要的见解写在最前边。

第三步，做一个踏踏实实的匠人。为自己定时执行，以最短的时间把文章内容写完。这一步一定要还记得不迟疑不回望不改动，一股脑儿把文章内容的行为主体写完。

第四步，携带审判长的遮阳帽，苛刻地挑选与主题风格合乎的內容，对车轱辘话、不立即有关的语句和修辞方法，没什么面子地删除。是大家字斟句酌，及其改动语法、句型、标点的時间。

应用这一架构的头等大事是要还记得在一个时间范围内，只饰演一个人物角色。这一方式，能够把块状的创作工作压力拆分为一个一个的一小块每日任务。既有利于大家逐渐创作，防止writer’s block（文学家写出不来物品来的心理状态传导阻滞感），还有益于分拆关键，各个击破。

总结：

异想天开的创作自然是尽情的。但沒有管束就沒有随意。我自然不容易由于2次被规定调用而舍弃英文写作，反过来，我能遵循我学过到的三个标准：be relentlessly clear, waste no words, 和be plain spoken，根据饰演Madman, Architect, Carpenter, 和Judge这四个不一样人物角色，管束自身，写成易读性更强的文章内容来。