在平常的Report创作中,在写成畅达恰当语句的前提条件下,适度应用静态数据描述是个帮学生们提升语句level的好方法!静态数据描述与动态性描述相对性,应用中,即用专有名词或是代词替代形容词或是修饰词,身后实际上是英中二门語言蕴涵的社会学意识的体现。主要内容就跟paperdaixie.com我往下看吧!
Report写作方法
比如说“我”歌唱非常好,英语更非常容易用I am a good singer.来描述;表明高度重视安全性,priority should be given to safety. 则是把抽象性的priority明确提出做为专有名词。
应用静态数据描述,创作中能够协助变换写作思路,转变观查角度,也是对抽象性描述工作能力的锻练。下面就语句创作中静态数据叙述做简略详细介绍。
在说明英文Report创作中的静态数据描述前,能够先了解一下英文和汉语的不同之处。
抽象性与实际
英文表述中常会应用抽象名词,这类成绩内涵抽象性含糊,通常给人一种一种“虚、暗、曲、隐”的觉得就是一种。abstruct way of thinking.
而中文术语趋向于实际,经常以实的方式表述虚的定义,以实际的品牌形象表述抽象性的內容,并给人一种一种“实、明、直、显”的觉得。 即 think in images
静态数据与动态性
英文常见静态数据语汇,实际反映在较多的可用专有名词和修饰词。而中文则多应用动态性语汇。
如:他能吃又能睡。假如大伙儿在英语口语中描述一个人,会怎么描述呢?
可以用He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 来表述。
他能吃又能睡。
那在创作中,这类差别也是学生们提高语句水准的好方法,Report创作中会规定语汇“with some awareness of style and collocation”,大伙儿不可以脑中汉语一字一句汉语翻译出去,必须对Report的健身培训有一定观念。Report偏宣布健身培训,实际可参考《学术Report写作有哪四大特征?》本文。
方式1:叙述人:
E.g. he is a chain-smoker of cigarettes.(static)
He smokes cigarettes one after another. (dynamic)
He is a great fan/lover of science fiction films and novels.
方式2: 形容词-专有名词
e.g. High tax penalties could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health. (剑9)
Traditional ways of life disappeared.
句中disappear为形容词,其名词形式为disappearance。动宾结构(V. sth.)在专有名词化全过程中一般可变成N. of sth.。将原句专有名词化以后产生一个专有名词化语句:
The disappearance of traditional ways of life.
方式3: 修饰词-专有名词
The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thus maintaining learners’ enthusiasm and progress.
Traffic accidents are dangerous.
句中dangerous为修饰词,名词形式为danger。Sth. is adj. 构造在专有名词化全过程中一般也可变成N. of sth。将原句专有名词化以后也产生一个专有名词化语句:
The danger of traffic accidents
单独形容词或是修饰词的专有名词化,较为常见的方式便是加后缀名,如形容词后边加-sion, -tion, -ment, -sure等,修饰词后边加-ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency等。除开在原词后边立即加后缀名之外,要留意一些异性朋友词中间还可以同义词变换。如eat的名词形式应写为consumption, unfair可专有名词化作inequality.
Children are eating more junk food.
专有名词化:the increased consumption of junk food by children.
从所述三个事例能够见到,简单句在专有名词化以后变成了名词短语,那样便捷再次加上别的成份(宾语、宾语等),使单句的数据量更高。但要留意,往往要专有名词化,是由于大伙儿要想表述的是一种情况或是一个恶性事件而不是姿势,专有名词化以后句中的谓语动词,才算是大伙儿真实要去注重的姿势。
如例1中的语句能够扩大为:
The advances in technology contributed to the disappearance of traditional ways of life.
句中,contribute to(造成、促使)是全句时要注重的姿势,the advances in technology 是 the disappearance of traditional ways of life的缘故,原形容词“advance”和“disappear”并并不是句时要注重的姿势,因此这儿的专有名词化较为有效。 同样,例3中的专有名词化语句还可以扩大为:
The increased consumption of junk food contributes to poor health.
practice:
再看复杂句和2个单句中的专有名词化。
1. When the plan is realized, the welfare of the people will be greatly enhanced.
原话中有两个形容词“realize”和“enhance”,在其中the plan is realized可变成the realization of the plan。专有名词化后变为:
The realization of the plan will greatly enhance the welfare of the people
专有名词化后仅用了一个形容词(enhance),原话从状语从句变成了简单句,使单句中常含数据量更高。
2. The speaker used slang extensively. This confused the students.
专有名词化:
The speaker’s extensive use of slang confused the students.
(有时候个人行为的传出者和目标另外出現时,可另外应用二种所有格)
除开普遍的N. of sth.方式外,普遍的专有名词化语汇也有以下构造(留意正中间的代词);这种名词短语都能够在句中当做主语、宾语等
the popularity of (the Internet)
the loss of (cultural identities)
the lack of (self-control)
the increase in (employment)
the participation in (extreme sports)
the growth in (population)
the frequent exposure to (violence)
专有名词化尽管是宣布英文写作中较为关键的一个特性,可是要恰当应用to achieve fluency and naturalness,为了更好地并不可以为了更好地专有名词化而专有名词化。
先下边2个事例:
We must make an improvement in our work.
This paper gives an analysis of the water problem
这几句话中,最关键的2个姿势“改进”和“剖析”都包括在improvement和analysis这两个专有名词中,前边的2个形容词make和give对语句的含意基础沒有具有功效。这儿的专有名词化(improve – improvement, analyze – analysis)就看起来有一些邯郸学步,另外还提升了句子成分的多元性。
恰当的书写应该是:
We must improve our work.
This paper analyzes the water problem.
相近的事例也有:
to make an investigation of = to investigate
to have trust in = to trust
to give a guidance to = to guide
to conduct reform of = to reform
to issue an announcement = to announce
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