引用文章如何正确引用出处，避免抄袭之嫌？

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专家教授专家学者们一般 会标准创作规范，制订怎样编写硕博士论文与学术研究文章内容及其文件格式规定。学界所鉴定的规范植根据以哪种编写方法会被认同，哪种编写方法则会被拒绝。

The community of scholars has rules that govern how dissertations, theses and other academic papers are composed and formatted. Academic convention has established what is acceptable and what is not. 

Give full credit to sources and avoid plagiarism恰当引入出處，防止剽窃之嫌

When a writer submits an academic paper, there should be no question about the submitter being the author of it. Even if the paper is, say, uncharacteristically refined in its approach, or astonishingly thorough in its research, the writer's integrity should not be doubted . Yet only one person can ensure that such suspicions do not develop: the person whose name is on the paper.

期刊论文的创作者发表论文后，决不允许被别人提出质疑文章投稿者是不是为创作者。就算本文文采十分完善精练、科研成果极为深层次详细，创作者自己的诚实守信也不应遭到猜疑。但是，可以避免这类提出质疑的人只有一个：创作者自己。

We are talking here about the “P” word—plagiarism. A person who plagiarizes commits literary theft. The Council of Writing Administrators—an American association of university faculty—says plagiarism occurs when, “in instructional settings… a writer deliberately uses someone else's language, ideas, or other original… material without acknowledg¬ing its source.”

在这里表明 plagiarism 剽窃。剽窃别人的著作便是偷盗。创作研究会—由美国高校专家教授构成—的剽窃界定为：在教学环境中，剽窃便是故意应用别人的語言、念头、或别的原創观念这些，却未标明出處。

Stolen in this way are ideas still in the abstract, or words concretely arranged in a uniquely identifiable way and particular context. When they are lifted without credit being given, they no longer qualify as fruits of original scholarship. Rather, they are the detritus of an intellectual crime. Their cribbed presence in a paper is unforgivable evidence that corners were cut.

失窃用的举凡非实际的念头，或者以各种各样与众不同、可识别的方法所实际阐述的內容这些。假如应用这种材料时不标明出處，你的毕业论文著作就不能叫作原創，仅仅聪慧违法犯罪后的残疾等级。在文章内容里带入这种新闻资讯，就是创作者钻空子下不能抹灭的直接证据。

How can a writer avoid becoming a plagiarist? Resolve not to steal. Yes, it is that elementary. Deliberate theft is a conscious act. There is no mistake involved. Therefore, thievery is not a problem if it is eschewed as a matter of individual character. Academic pressure is no excuse for submitting another person's work as one's own. When that happens, it is a failure of character.

创作者怎样才可以防止剽窃？要是下决心不盗窃就可以。没有错，便是那么简易。故意盗窃是有目的的个人行为，沒有辩驳的机遇。要是体认到盗窃关乎个人道德修养，应能劝阻剽窃产生。学术研究工作压力不可以做为抄袭别人著作的辩驳，会产生这类事便是意味着本人品行有什么问题。

A less insidious but still serious indictment of a writer is commission of inadvertent plagiarism. This happens when the language of a source is submerged in a writer's mind and transferred accidentally to a paper. Or when an idea becomes buried in research and its source forgotten when it is unearthed in the course of writing. Or it can be as simple as overlooking a citation.

此外一个情况不那麼罪不可赦，但是仍是相当严重的控告，那便是偶然间的剽窃。会产生这类情况可能是一些意识已深植创作者心里，使他一时不小心写进自己的文章；或是该念头原是诸多科学研究之一，仅仅创作者在创作全过程中忘记了它的出處；又也许，创作者纯碎仅仅漏了标明出處。

In other words, careless work also can bring charges of plagiarism. While less incriminating than outright theft, academic sloppiness is not a shiny credential. A serious academic writer will strictly avoid willful and accidental plagiarism by painstakingly attributing the work of others, personally committing to original research and non-adaptive thinking—and refusing to steal.

也就是说，创作时满不在乎也会导致剽窃的控告。虽然不象立即抄袭一样比较严重，写作粗心大意的研究方向，对学术研究创作者的信誉仍然沒有益处。认真细致的期刊论文创作者会严于律己，引入别人著作时一丝不苟地标明清晰，着眼于独创性的科学研究与认真细致的思索方法，并回绝抄袭—彻底避免有意或偶然间的剽窃。

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