城市模拟作业代写 Assessment for CASA0002

Assessment for CASA0002 – Urban Simulation

Deadline: 27th April 11am. Word Limit – 3,000 words

城市模拟作业代写 Briefly introduce the spatial interaction models covered in the lectures using equations and defining the terms, in particular

The following assessment is designed to assess your understanding of the different urban modelling methodologies introduced in the course, and their integration. The questions are based on the coursework developed during the course and posted in Moodle. Using these codes you should be able to work through the assessment. Carefully explain and illustrate your analysis with appropriate diagrams. The assessment should not exceed 3000 words in total. (References, numerical tables and data plots do not count towards the total number of words.)

The assessment will guide you to critically investigate the resilience of the London’s underground as a network and its limitation. You will do this in two ways. In the first part, you will only take into consideration the infrastructural network, where stations are connected through only one link, regardless of the number of lines connecting the stations. In the second part, you will consider the commuting flows, and discuss the impact of the analysis on the number of people moving from one part of the city to another. Then, you will recompute the flows using spatial interaction models according to different scenarios described below and discuss the vulnerability of the network under these new scenarios.

Part 1: London’s underground resilience  城市模拟作业代写

Procedure: Make use of the coursework developed in class for the London’s underground, where the underground is transferred into a network. Select 3 different centrality measures. For each measure, remove at least 10 nodes following two different strategies: ‘sequential’ (recomputing the measure after removal), ‘non-sequential’ without recomputing the measure after removal.

Analysis: Find 2 different measures to evaluate the impact of the node removal on the network and find a way to report these results in the form of a plot instead of a table.

Discussion: critically assess your results following the comments given below.

Structure this part in 3 sections:

Section 1: Measures.

Introduce briefly the 3 centrality measures, and the 2 measures to evaluate the impact. Explain whether these two measures to evaluate the impact are specific to the London underground or generic? In doing so, explain if these would also be useful to evaluate the resilience of any other network.

Section 2: Analysis.

Present the results of the analysis in the form of concise plots clearly labelled and compared the 2 different strategies (‘sequential’ vs ‘non-sequential’) considering the results for all the centrality measures. Discuss whether the two different measures to evaluate the impact give the same results and justify whether the findings were expected.

Section 3: Discussion.

Critically discuss which centrality measures are more relevant for this specific network, and the limitations of the different measures selected for the evaluation of the node removal. Explain

whether different centrality measures would be expected for different networks, and comment on

the limitations of the approach to evaluate the “resilience” of London’s underground.

Part 2: Networks with flows and Spatial Interaction models.  城市模拟作业代写

For this section, you will be given a “symbolic” population and the number of jobs for the stations in the underground. You will also be given the number of people that commute from one station to another, through an OD matrix.

Structure this part as follows: Section 1:

Select a measure from the previous analysis to measure the impact of node removal, and re- compute the impact taking into consideration the number of people that need to travel from one place to another, i.e. making use of the flows given to you. Discuss whether the centrality measures that make the network more vulnerable are the same as in the previous section, and how your measure to evaluate the impact of node removal needed to be adjusted.

Section 2:

Briefly introduce the spatial interaction models covered in the lectures using equations and defining the terms, in particular explaining the role of the parameters. Using the information of population, jobs and flows, select a spatial interaction model and calibrate the parameter beta. Make sure to justify your selection of model.

Section 3:

Scenario A: assume that Canary Wharf has a 50% decrease in jobs after Brexit. Scenario B: assume that there is a significant increase in the cost of transport. Using the calibrated parameter beta, compute the new flows for scenario A. Then select 2 values for the parameter in the cost function reflecting scenario B. Using plots, comment on the change in flows for the different stations given the 3 different situations (scenario A, and scenario B with two selections of parameters). Which scenario would have more impact for the redistribution of flows? Explain and justify your answers using the results of the analysis.

Discussion section

Imagine you were a consultant for the TfL (Transport for London) asking you to evaluate the resilience of the London’s underground. Explain how this type of analysis could be used, and its limitations.

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